WH - Unit 2 Test Review

How did European exploration of the Americas most affect the Inca and Aztec empires?

• It caused the population to move inland from coastal locations.
• It encouraged tribal leaders to create alliances.
• It introduced diseases that resulted in a population decline.
• It reduced native reliance on agricultural production.

What is a characteristic of the philosophy of the divine right of kings?

• Monarchs are subject to the authority of parliament.
• The clergy make government decisions.
• Parliamentary representatives share power.
• The monarch derives authority from a deity.

Which statement best explains one economic effect of the Columbian Exchange?

• Native Americans prospered through the commerce with Europeans.
• European peasantry enjoyed prosperity from the introduction of new cash crops.
• Native Americans controlled imports on all incoming European ships.
• Precious metals discovered in the Americas expanded European wealth.

The Tokugawa family ruled Japan during the Edo period (1603–1867). Rulers set up a four-class social order of warriors, farmers, artisans, and merchants. People had to remain in the social order they were born in. What was most likely an effect of the social order set up by Tokugawa rulers?

• It created stability.
• It advanced technology.
• It increased individual rights.
• It increased military conflicts.

Akbar introduced a policy of reconciliation and assimilation of Hindus . . . who represented the majority of the population. He recruited and rewarded Hindu chiefs with the highest ranks in government; encouraged intermarriages between Mughal and Rajput aristocracy; allowed new temples to be built; personally participated in celebrating Hindu festivals such as Dipavali, or Diwali, the festival of lights; and abolished the jizya (poll tax) imposed on non-Muslims. “Historical Setting” by John J. Paul from India: A Country Study, 1996 Library of Congress, Federal Research Division From the mid-thirteenth century through the sixteenth century, the “religion of royalty” summarized by the motto “one king, one faith” (un roi, une foi) reigned supreme in France. Royal religion was disseminated through ceremonies and symbols preserved in manuscripts and in the artifacts the kings commissioned. “Monarchs and Monasteries” Creating French Culture Library of Congress Based on the text, what is a difference in how Akbar and the French kings maintained their power over India and France in the sixteenth century?

• Akbar established a state religion, while the French kings followed a strict separation of church and state.
• Akbar adopted policies of religious tolerance, while the French kings demanded religious uniformity.
• Akbar discouraged allegiance to religious traditions, while the French kings celebrated the nation’s religious heritage.
• Akbar gave preferential treatment to citizens of the dominant religion, while the French kings encouraged religious tolerance.

Sixteenth-century Spain was ultimately the victim of its own wealth. Military expenditure did not stimulate domestic production. . . . The glut of precious metal brought from America and spent on Spain’s military establishment quickened inflation throughout Europe, left Spaniards without sufficient specie [coin] to pay debts, and caused Spanish goods to become too overpriced to compete in international markets. “Historical Setting” by Robert Rinehart and Jo Ann Browning Seeley from Spain: A Country Study, 1990 Library of Congress, Federal Research Division Based on the text, how did Spain’s acquisition of resources in the Americas during the sixteenth century affect the Spanish economy?

• It reduced the amount of currency in Europe and prevented Spain from establishing trade relationships with its European neighbors.
• It gave Spain access to the precious metals that allowed it to become the financier of industrial development throughout Europe.
• It undermined Spain’s financial stability and slowed the development of a prosperous, diversified society.
• It increased profits derived from the sale of Spanish manufactured goods in the Americas and Europe.

The trade in slave labor fueled an unprecedented era of expansion, innovation, and prosperity across the European world, from London to Amsterdam to Philadelphia. But it ruined the kingdoms and villages of West Africa. . . . The greatest blow was the loss of its people, and the youngest and strongest men, women, and children—West Africa’s future—were taken across the ocean to a harsh life in another land. “Beginnings” Immigration . . . Library of Congress Based on the text, which was a result of the Triangular Trade?

• It decreased the profits of European merchants.
• It reduced the economic vitality of African societies.
• It slowed the economic development of the Americas.
• It undermined the concept of economic entrepreneurship.

Peter the Great found in Russia no regular army; he organized one after the German fashion. He found no fleet; he built one, modeled upon that of Holland. He opened mines, cut canals, laid out roads, introduced sheep breeding, and fostered by protective tariffs the growth of silk and woolen manufactures. He instituted a police system and a postal service. He established schools of medicine, engineering, and navigation. He also framed a code of laws based upon the legal system of western Europe. Adapted from World History by Hutton Webster, 1921 Based on the text, how did Peter the Great transform Russia into a powerful nation during his reign?

• He protected Russia’s traditional economic and social structures.
• He made sure that Russia had strong borders and military defenses against other European nations.
• He traveled to Asia and borrowed military techniques from there to develop Russia’s army and navy.
• He implemented infrastructure, military, and organizational ideas borrowed from other European nations.

An astute ruler who genuinely appreciated the challenges of administering so vast an empire, Akbar introduced a policy of reconciliation and assimilation of Hindus . . . who represented the majority of the population. He recruited and rewarded Hindu chiefs with the highest ranks in government; encouraged intermarriages between Mughal and Rajput aristocracy; allowed new temples to be built; personally participated in celebrating Hindu festivals such as Dipavali, or Diwali, the festival of lights; and abolished the jizya (poll tax) imposed on non-Muslims. “Historical Setting” by John J. Paul from India: A Country Study, 1996 Library of Congress, Federal Research Division Based on the text, how did Akbar contribute to the success of the Mughal Empire?'

• He helped to create religious tolerance.
• He discouraged allegiance to cultural traditions.
• He treated Muslims as second-class citizens.
• He encouraged preferential treatment of Hindus.

Use the chart comparing two civilizations to answer the question. According to the chart, which statement BEST compares the Qing Dynasty and the Aztec Empire?

• The Aztec Empire used more aggressive methods to force its subjects to submit than the Qing Dynasty used.
• The Aztec Empire emphasized cooperation with populations it ruled more than the Qing Dynasty did.
• The Qing Dynasty was more popular and commanded more respect from its subjects than the Aztec Empire.
• The Qing Dynasty emphasized assimilating its subjects into its culture more than the Aztec Empire did.