Energy Transformation and Speed

Steven holds a book above the floor. He lets go of the book and the book speeds up as it falls to the floor. Which of the following forms of energy are involved in an energy transformation while the book is falling?

• Both potential energy and kinetic energy are involved. As the book is falling, its potential energy decreases and its kinetic energy increases.

• Kinetic energy is involved but potential energy is not. As the book is falling, its kinetic energy increases but its potential energy does not change

• Potential energy is involved but kinetic energy is not. As the book is falling, its potential energy decreases but its kinetic energy does not change.

• Neither potential energy nor kinetic energy is involved. Potential energy cannot be changed into kinetic energy, and kinetic energy cannot be changed into potential energy.

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Consider the following situations:

Situation 1: A cold spoon is placed in a cup of hot tea. Situation 2: A spring is used to roll a ball across the floor.

Is energy being transferred in either of these situations?

• Energy is transferred in both situations.

• Energy is NOT transferred in either situation.

• Energy is transferred when a cold spoon is placed in a cup of hot tea, but energy is NOT transferred when a spring is used to roll a ball across the floor.

• Energy is transferred when a spring is used to roll a ball across the floor, but energy is NOT transferred when a cold spoon is placed in a cup of hot tea.

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

A ball is sitting at the top of a ramp. As the ball rolls down the ramp, the potential energy of the ball decreases.

What happens to the energy?

• Both potential and kinetic energy increase.

• Both potential and kinetic energy decrease.

• Potential energy increases and kinetic energy decreases.

• Kinetic energy increases and potential energy decreases.

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A ball, starting from rest at Position 1, rolls along a curved track toward Position 5. The ball speeds up as it rolls from Position 1 to Position 3, and it slows down as it rolls from Position 3 toward Position 5. Just before it reaches Position 5, it stops and rolls back down the track. As the ball rolls back and forth along the curved track, the ball and the track get a little warmer.

When does the thermal energy of the ball and track increase and why?

• Only when the ball rolls from Position 1 to Position 3 because the gravitational potential energy of the ball is converted into thermal energy

• Only when the ball rolls from Position 3 toward Position 5 because the kinetic energy of the ball is converted into thermal energy

• The thermal energy increases the entire time the ball is rolling along the track because both the gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy of the ball are converted into thermal energy.

• The thermal energy increases the entire time the ball is rolling along the track, but the increase does not come from a change in gravitational potential energy or kinetic energy because kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy cannot be converted into thermal energy.

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Carlos’ father is driving him to school. While driving they come upon an accident and he had to slam on the brakes. As the car skids to a stop, what does the kinetic energy transform into?

• potential energy

• thermal energy

• chemical energy

• electrical energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5

In the diagram above, energy is being converted from one form to another and some energy is being transformed into unusable heat energy. What energy conversions are taking place?

• mechanical energy to thermal energy

• thermal energy to mechanical energy

• chemical energy to mechanical energy and thermal energy

• chemical energy to electrical energy to thermal energy and light energy

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A girl is riding her skateboard down a hill. She speeds up as she goes down the hill, and the wheels get a little warmer. What energy transformations best describes what happens while she is going down the hill?

• No energy transformations are involved while she is going down the hill.

• Potential energy is transformed only into kinetic energy.

• Potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy and thermal energy.

• Kinetic energy is transformed into potential energy and thermal energy

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John’s mom works as a scientist at the Space Center. She tells John that a rocket requires a large amount of energy to launch. The required energy is generated by burning liquid fuel. Which type of energy is stored in the liquid fuel?

• kinetic energy

• thermal energy

• chemical energy

• electrical energy

A man is driving a car. He slows down to stop at a stop sign. How is energy transferred?

• kinetic energy → chemical energy → thermal energy

• chemical energy → kinetic energy → thermal energy

• thermal energy → kinetic energy → chemical energy

• kinetic energy → thermal energy →chemical energy

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

Emma constructed a simple motor. When connected correctly, the coil of copper wire spins. Which of the following best describes the energy transformation that takes place between the paper clips and the spinning coil?

• Chemical energy transforms into electrical energy.

• Mechanical energy transforms into chemical energy.

• Mechanical energy transforms into electrical energy.

• Electrical energy transforms into mechanical energy

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NGSS.MS-PS3-5