Force and Motion

Miniature golf is a game in which players hit a golf ball with a club. This causes the ball to roll along the flat ground. There were three golf balls rolling on the ground. The yellow golf ball has less mass than the blue and white balls, which have equal mass. Each ball was hit by a golf club, but not from the same direction. Use the information in the diagram to answer.

Which golf ball(s) experienced the strongest force? How do you know?

• The blue golf ball; it has more mass and the fastest ending speed.

• All three golf balls experienced the same force because they changed speed by the same amount.

• The blue and white golf balls; they have more mass than the yellow golf ball, but changed speed by the same amount.

• The white golf ball; it takes a stronger force to slow down a more massive object than to speed it up.

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Juno, Melissa, and Anna have skateboards that are the same mass. They were playing with their skateboards on a flat street when another skateboard came along and bumped their skateboards, but not from the same direction. Each skateboard changed speed as a result of being bumped. Use the information in the diagram to answer.

Which skateboard(s) experienced the strongest force when bumped? How do you know?

• The green skateboard experienced the strongest force because it changed speed the most.

• The green skateboard experienced the strongest force because it takes a stronger force to slow something down than it takes to speed something up.

• The red and brown skateboards experienced the same strength force because they both gained forced, but the green skateboard lost force. 

• The red skateboard experienced the strongest force because it has the fastest ending speed.

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Curling is a sport in which players push large stones across smooth ice. Three curling stones were sliding across the ice. The yellow and purple curling stones are the same mass, and they are both more massive than the gray curling stone. A player pushed each curling stone, but not from the same direction. Use the information in the diagram to answer.

Which curling stone(s) experienced the strongest force? How do you know?

• All three stones experienced the same force because they changed speed by the same amount.

• The purple stone; it has more mass and the fastest ending speed.

• The yellow stone; it takes a stronger force to slow down a more massive object than to speed it up.

• The yellow and purple curling stones experienced the strongest force because they are both more massive than the gray stone and they changed speed by the same amount. 

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NGSS.MS-PS2-1

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Hockey is a sport in which athletes use hockey sticks to hit a puck across smooth ice. At practice one day, three hockey pucks (all with the same mass) were sliding across the ice. A player hit each puck with a hockey stick, but not from the same direction. Each puck changed speed as a result of being hit. Use the information in the diagram to answer. 

Which hockey puck(s) experienced the strongest force when hit? How do you know?

• The black puck because it takes a stronger force to slow something down than to speed it up.

• All three hockey pucks experienced the same strength force because they changed speed by the same amount.

• The green puck experienced the strongest force because it has the fastest ending speed.

• The green and red pucks; they both gained the same force as they sped up, but the black puck lost force and slowed down.

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Velocity is.....

• speed in a particular direction

• how fast an object is moving

• acting or going in the reverse direction

• the energy that an object has because it is moving

If the same strength force is exerted on two objects of different masses, which object will experience GREATER change in velocity?

• A LESS massive object

• A MORE massive object.

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If the same strength force is exerted on two objects of different masses, which object will experience LESS change in velocity?

• A LESS massive object

• A MORE massive object.

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If the space pod has LESS asteroids in it, what would happen if the same strength force was applied in the opposite direction?

• Nothing

• The pod would slow down

• The pod would change directions

• The pod would stop

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If the space pod has MORE asteroids in it, what would happen if the same strength force was applied in the opposite direction?

• Nothing

• The pod would slow down, not stop.

• The pod would change directions

• The pod would stop

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A force is...

• the same in quantity, size, degree, or value

• a force between an object and the surface it is moving over

• a push or a pull that can change the motion of an object

• the energy that an object has because it is moving