Campbell Biology Chapter 229

What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules?

• anabolic pathways

• catabolic pathways

• fermentation pathways

• thermodynamic pathways

• bioenergetic pathways

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The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction

• gains electrons and gains potential energy.

• loses electrons and loses potential energy.

• gains electrons and loses potential energy.

• loses electrons and gains potential energy

• neither gains nor loses electrons, but gains or loses potential energy.

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When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens?

• The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released.

• The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is consumed.

• The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is consumed.

• The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is released.

• The more electronegative atom is reduced, and entropy decreases.

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Why does the oxidation of organic compounds by molecular oxygen to produce CO₂ and water release free energy?

• The covalent bonds in organic molecules and molecular oxygen have more kinetic energy than the covalent bonds in water and carbon dioxide.

• Electrons are being moved from atoms that have a lower affinity for electrons (such as C) to atoms with a higher affinity for electrons (such as O).

• The oxidation of organic compounds can be used to make ATP.

• The electrons have a higher potential energy when associated with water and CO₂ than they do in organic compounds.

• The covalent bond in O₂ is unstable and easily broken by electrons from organic molecules.

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Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + Energy

• C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized and O₂ is reduced.

• O₂ is oxidized and H₂O is reduced.

• CO₂ is reduced and O₂ is oxidized.

• C₆H₁₂O₆ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized.

• O₂ is reduced and CO₂ is oxidized.

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When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

• hydrolyzed.

• hydrogenated.

• oxidized.

• reduced.

• an oxidizing agent.

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When a molecule of NAD⁺ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes

• dehydrogenated.

• oxidized.

• reduced

• redoxed

• hydrolyzed

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Which of the following statements describes NAD⁺?

• NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.

• NAD⁺ has more chemical energy than NADH.

• NAD⁺ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases.

• NAD⁺ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation.

• In the absence of NAD⁺, glycolysis can still function

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Where does glycolysis take place in eukaryotic cells?

• mitochondrial matrix

• mitochondrial outer membrane

• mitochondrial inner membrane

• mitochondrial intermembrane space

• cytosol

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

• substrate-level phosphorylation

• electron transport

• photophosphorylation

• chemiosmosis

• oxidation of NADH to NAD+

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