Chapter 12 - Geologic Time

Rocks record geological events and

• life forms of the present.

• life forms of the past.

• astronomical milestones of the past.

• Earth's circumference and diameter in the past.

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The geologic processes that shape Earth's features today

• are much different from those of thousands of years ago.

• did not operate in the distant past.

• are basically the same today as they were in the geologic past.

• become important only several hundred years ago.

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For what purpose do geologists use relative dating?

• to determine which rock layer in a canyon wall formed first

• to find the age of a rock layer

• to determine how a rock's composition has changed over time

• to identify past life forms that once lived in a rock layer

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In general, the law of superposition states that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks, each layer is

• about the same age.

• older than the one below it.

• older than the one above it.

• thicker than the one above it.

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According to the principle of cross-cutting relationships, an intrusive rock body is

• deposited as sedimentary layers.

• younger than the rock it intrudes into.

• always made of the same materials as rock around it.

• older than the rocks it intrudes into.

Which type of geologic event has to occur to create an angular unconformity?

• uninterrupted deposition of sediment

• igneous intrusion into layered rock

• sediment deposited on older, eroded igneous rock

• folding or tilting of rock layers

The laws of superposition and original horizontality are best applied to

• all rock types.

• igneous rocks.

• sedimentary rocks.

• metamorphic rocks.

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What are fossils?

• the oldest layers of rock in a region

• the remains or traces of an organism preserved from the geologic past

• living creatures with habitats in or around rock

• objects that people of long ago left behind as artifacts

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Which of the following environments would NOT contain fossils?

• sediment deposited in a riverbed

• intrusive rock formed from cooled magma

• a thick deposit of dried mud

• layers of sand that accumulated over thousands of years

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Which of the following is important if an organism is to become a fossil?

• soft parts and slow burial

• rapid burial and hard parts

• rapid burial and soft parts

• hard parts and slow burial