AP Biology Vocabulary Molecular Inheritance

1) In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe? 

• Mutant mice were resistant to bacterial infections.
• Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form. 
• Mixing a heat-killed nonpathogenic strain of bacteria with a living pathogenic strain makes the pathogenic strain nonpathogenic. 
• Infecting mice with nonpathogenic strains of bacteria makes them resistant to pathogenic strain

How do we describe transformation in bacteria? 

• the creation of a strand of DNA from an RNA molecule 
• the creation of a strand of RNA from a DNA molecule 
• the infection of cells by a phage DNA molecule
•  assimilation of external DNA into a cell

After mixing a heat-killed, phosphorescent strain of bacteria with a living nonphosphorescent strain, you discover that some of the living cells are now phosphorescent. Which observations would provide the best evidence that the ability to fluoresce is a heritable trait? 

• DNA passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain. 
• Protein passed from the heat-killed strain to the living strain. 
• The phosphorescence in the living strain is especially bright.
•  Descendants of the living cells are also phosphorescent. 

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

In trying to determine whether DNA or protein is the genetic material, Hershey and Chase made use of which of the following facts? 

•  DNA contains sulfur, whereas protein does not. 
• DNA contains phosphorus, whereas protein does not. 
•  DNA contains nitrogen, whereas protein does not.
• DNA contains purines, whereas protein includes pyrimidines. 

Cytosine makes up 42% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism. Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine? 

• 8%
• 16%
• 31%
• 42%

In an analysis of the nucleotide composition of DNA, which of the following will be found? 

• A = C 
•  A = G and C = T 
• A + C = G + T 
• G + C = T + A

 Replication in prokaryotes differs from replication in eukaryotes for which of the following reasons? 
A) Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not. 

• Prokaryotic chromosomes have histones, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes do not. 
• Prokaryotic chromosomes have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic chromosomes have many. 
• The rate of elongation during DNA replication is slower in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes. 
• Prokaryotes produce Okazaki fragments during DNA replication, but eukaryotes do not

What is meant by the description "antiparallel" regarding the strands that make up DNA? 

• The twisting nature of DNA creates nonparallel strands. 
• The 5' to 3' direction of one strand runs counter to the 5' to 3' direction of the other strand. 
• Base pairings create unequal spacing between the two DNA strands.
• One strand is positively charged and the other is negatively charged. 

An Okazaki fragment has which of the following arrangements? 

• primase, polymerase, ligase 
•  3' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 5' 
• 5' RNA nucleotides, DNA nucleotides 3' 
• DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III 

Which enzyme catalyzes the elongation of a DNA strand in the 5' → 3' direction?

• primase 
• DNA ligase 
• DNA polymerase III 
• topoisomerase