According to the graph of P-wave and S-wave Travel Times in the reference information, which generalization about earthquake S-waves and P-waves is correct?

P-waves always travel faster than S-waves, regardless of the distance traveled.

When the P-waves and S-waves are near the epicenter, they both travel at the same speed.

The velocity of P-waves and S-waves is constant, regardless of the distance traveled.

S-waves always travel about twice as fast a P-waves.

Hot springs on the ocean floor near the mid-ocean ridges provide evidence that

convection currents exist in the asthenosphere

meteor craters are found beneath the oceans

climate change has melted huge glaciers

marine fossils have been uplifted to high elevations

According to the reference map of Tectonic Plates, the border between the South American plate and the African plate is best described as

diverging and located at an oceanic ridge

converging and located at an oceanic ridge

converging and located at an oceanic trench

diverging and located at an oceanic trench

Crustal formation, which may cause the widening of an ocean, is most likely occurring at the boundary between the

Indian-Australian Plate and the Antarctic Plate

African Plate and the Eurasian Plate

Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate

South American Plate and the North American Plate

Earth’s magnetic field has reversed itself several times during the past. This pattern of magnetic reversal is best preserved in

igneous bedrock of the oceanic crust

metamorphic bedrock in mountain ranges

bedrock with fossils containing radioactive carbon-14

layers of sedimentary bedrock of the Grand Canyon

The boundary between which two plates is similar to the boundary located between the Eurasian and Indian-Australian Plates?

Pacific and Indian-Australian plates

Indian-Australian and the Antarctic plates

North American and Eurasian plates

Which two Earth layers are separated by the Moho boundary?

rigid mantle and plastic mantle

stiffer mantle and asthenosphere

What caused the interior of Earth to separate into layers?

the gravitational pull on materials of varying densities

a decrease in the rate of rotation of Earth

variations in heating by the Sun due to Earth’s tilt

collisions with meteors and comets

Which event is inferred to have contributed to the significant global climate change that may have caused the mass extinctions of organisms at the end of the Late Cretaceous Epoch?

shifting of Earth’s magnetic poles

Which geologic event occurred in New York State at approximately the same time as the extinction of dinosaurs and ammonoids?

deposition of the sands and clays underlying Long Island

formation of the Queenston Delta

initial opening of the Atlantic Ocean

advance and retreat of the last continental ice sheet

The accumulation of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen in Earth’s early atmosphere approximately 4 billion years ago resulted mainly from

outgassing from Earth's interior

photosynthesis by the earliest land plants

convection currents in Earth’s outer core

The major source of oxygen in Earth’s Early Proterozoic atmosphere is inferred to have been produced by

outgassing from volcanic eruptions

radioactive decay in Earth’s inner core

Organisms that later became good index fossils lived over a

wide geographic area and existed for a short geologic time

wide geographic area and existed for a long geologic time

limited geographic area and existed for a long geologic time

limited geographic area and existed for a short geologic time

A river’s velocity slows from 100 to 50 centimeters per second at a point in its channel. Which statement best describes the transport and deposition of particles at this point?

Clay, silt, sand, and smaller pebbles stay in transport; some pebbles are deposited.

Clay, silt, sand, pebbles, and smaller cobbles stay in transport; some cobbles are deposited.

Clay, silt, and smaller sand stay in transport; some sand is deposited

Clay and smaller silt stay in transport; some silt is deposited.

A group hiking in the Catskill region of New York State finds several large boulders composed of metamorphic rock. These boulders most likely resulted from the weathering of bedrock formed in the

Adirondack Mountains, and were transported to their present location by glaciers

Catskills, and were transported to their present location by mass movement

Catskills, and were transported to their present location by glaciers

Adirondack Mountains, and were transported to their present location by mass movement

The formation of soil is primarily the result of

weathering and biological activity

stream erosion and mass movement

What occurs when a rock is crushed into a pile of fragments?

The total surface area increases and chemical composition remains the same.

The total surface area decreases and chemical composition changes.

The total surface area decreases and chemical composition remains the same.

The total surface area increases and chemical composition changes.

Which change in the climate of a location would most likely cause the greatest increase in chemical weathering of local bedrock?

greater precipitation in summer

higher atmospheric pressure in summer

Midterm Review

Authored by Ashley Bloch

Other Sciences

8th - 12th Grade

Used 48+ times

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

45 sec • 1 pt

Which statement best supports the theory of continental drift?

Basaltic rock is found to be progressively younger at increasing distances from the mid-ocean ridge.

Marine fossils are often found in deep-well drill cores.

The present continents appear to fit together as pieces of a larger landmass.

Areas of shallow-water seas tend to accumulate sediment, which gradual sinks.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The edges of most lithospheric plates are characterized by

reversed magnetic orientation

unusually rapid radioactive decay

frequent volcanic activity

low P-wave and high S-wave velocity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves?

P-waves travel faster than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.

P-waves travel faster than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.

P-waves travel slower than S-waves and pass through Earth’s liquid zones.

P-waves travel slower than S-waves and do not pass through Earth’s liquid zones.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by

tidal motions in the hydrosphere

density differences in the troposphere

convection currents in the asthenosphere

solidification in the lithosphere

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

A seismic P-wave is recorded at 2:25 p.m. at a seismic station located 7600 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake. At what time did the earthquake occur?

2:05 p.m.

2:11 p.m.

2:14 p.m.

2:36 p.m.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

2 mins • 1 pt

How long after receiving the first P-wave from an earthquake centered 4000 kilometers away does a seismic station receive its first S-wave from the same earthquake?

1 minute

5 minutes 35 seconds

7 minutes

12 minutes 40 seconds

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which evidence supports the theory of seafloor spreading?

The rocks of the ocean floor and the continents have similar origins.

In the ocean floor, rocks near the mid-ocean ridge are cooler than rocks near the continents.

The pattern of magnetic orientation of rocks is similar on both sides of the mid-ocean ridge.

The density of oceanic crust is greater than the density of continental crust.

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Midterm Review

Which statement best supports the theory of continental drift?

The edges of most lithospheric plates are characterized by

Which statement correctly compares seismic P-waves with seismic S-waves?

The movement of tectonic plates is inferred by many scientists to be driven by

A seismic P-wave is recorded at 2:25 p.m. at a seismic station located 7600 kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake. At what time did the earthquake occur?

How long after receiving the first P-wave from an earthquake centered 4000 kilometers away does a seismic station receive its first S-wave from the same earthquake?

Which evidence supports the theory of seafloor spreading?

According to the graph of P-wave and S-wave Travel Times in the reference information, which generalization about earthquake S-waves and P-waves is correct?

In Earth’s interior, which zone has a temperature higher than its melting point?

Hot springs on the ocean floor near the mid-ocean ridges provide evidence that

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