Carbon and Nitrogen Cycle Review

During photosynthesis, carbon is moved from which reservoir to which reservoir?

• From the atmosphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
• From the troposphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
• From the lithosphere to the terrestrial biosphere.
• From the hydrosphere to the terrestrial biosphere

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Which of the following describes the role of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nitrogen cycle? Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert

• nitrates intro nitrogen gas
• ammonia into proteins
• nitrogen gas into ammonia
• proteins into nitrates

What is one of the most important processes that removes carbon from the atmosphere? 

• photosynthesis
• cellular respiration
• erosin
• soil respiration

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Animals obtain the nitrogen they need directly from the

• soil in their habitat
• air they breathe
• plants they eat
• bacteria living within them

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Nitrogen fixation processes nitrogen from which of the following sources?

• lightning
• fertilizers
• dead plants
• atmosphere

Which of the following is a consequence of excess carbon building up in Earth’s atmosphere?

• The amount of breathable oxygen available to living things decreases
• Global temperatures change, affecting normal weather patterns.
• The amount of solar energy reaching the earth’s surface decreases.
• Global air pressure increases making it more difficult for plants and animals to breathe.

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How are burning of fossil fuels and volcanic eruptions similar with respect to their effects on the carbon cycle?

• Both remove carbon from the atmosphere.
• Both add carbon to the atmosphere.
• Both add carbon to the lithosphere.
• Both remove carbon from the lithosphere.

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Dead zones are low-oxygen areas that develop on the seafloor. Scientists hypothesize that phytoplankton blooms cause these dead zones. Phytoplankton blooms occur when excess nutrients are introduced by pollution from fertilizers, sewage plants, and the burning of fossil fuels. Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in these contributors to dead zones?

• Replacing coal-fired power plants with windmills
• Rainfall patterns that increase freshwater runoff from terrestrial ecosystems
• Farming practices that reduce nitrate and phosphate applications
• Constructing efficient water recovery and treatment plants

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 The overgrowth of algae poses a major problem for coral reefs. Intensive fishing is one factor that contributes to algae overgrowth because it does which of the following?

• Allows more sunlight to be available to algae 
•  Inhibits the spread of pathogens in algae colonies
• Reduces the number of organisms that feed on algae
• Increases the competition between different algae species

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The carbon cycle includes processes that release carbon into the atmosphere and places that act as carbon reservoirs. The diagram shows both major processes that release carbon and major carbon reservoirs. Which of these disruptions would cause an excess output in the carbon cycle?

• The destruction of terrestrial biota
• Increases in marine biota
• A reduction in the use of fossil fuels
• A thickening of ocean sediments

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