Chapter 7 Earthquakes

What are the inferred pressure and interior temperature at the boundary between Earth's outer core and inner core?

• 3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6300°C

• 3.1 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6700°C

• 3.6 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6300°C

• 3.6 million atmospheres pressure and an interior temperature of 6700°C

The magnitude of an earthquake is a number that represents the

• arrival time of the first P-wave

• difference in arrival times between P- and S -waves

• distance to the epicenter

• energy released by an earthquake

Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a cut-away view of Earth's interior and the paths of some of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake that originated below Earth's surface. Points A, B, and C represent seismic stations on Earth's surface. Point D represents a location at the boundary between the core and the mantle. Seismic station A is 5000 kilometers from the epicenter. What is the difference between the arrival time of the first P-wave and the arrival time of the first S-wave recorded at this station?

• 2 minutes 20 seconds

• 6 minutes 40 seconds

• 8 minutes 20 seconds

• 15 minutes 00 second

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

The first P-wave of an earthquake took 11 minutes to travel to a seismic station from the epicenter of the earthquake. What is the seismic station's distance to the epicenter of the earthquake and how long did it take for the first S-wave to travel that distance?

• Distance to epicenter: 3350 km

  S-wave travel time: 4 min 50 sec

• Distance to epicenter: 3350 km

  S-wave travel time: 6 min 10 sec

• Distance to epicenter: 7600 km

  S-wave travel time: 9 min

• Distance to epicenter: 7600 km

  S-wave travel time: 20 min

The arrival time of the first earthquake P-wave at a seismograph station was 10:11:20 (hours:minutes:seconds). If the epicenter of the earthquake is 8000 km away, what was the approximate arrival time of the first S-wave from this earthquake?

• 10:02:00

• 10:09:20

• 10:20:40

• 10:32:00

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

A strong earthquake that occurs on the ocean floor could result in the formation of

• tsunami

• delta

• ocean currents

• El Nino event

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

The epicenter of an earthquake was located 1800 kilometers from a seismic recording station. If the S -wave arrived at the seismic station at 10:06:40 a.m., at what time did the P-wave arrive at the same seismic station?

• 10:03:00 a.m.

• 10:03:40 a.m.

• 10:09:40 a.m.

• 10:10:20 a.m

Which landmass is moving northward with Australia as part of the same tectonic plate'?

• India

• Antarctica

• North America

• South America

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

The diagram below represents three seismograms showing the same earthquake as it was recorded at three different seismic stations, A, B, and C. Which statement correctly describes the distance between the earthquake epicenter and these seismic stations?

• A is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.

• B is closest to the epicenter, and C is farthest from the epicenter.

• C is closest to the epicenter, and A is farthest from the epicenter.

• A is the closest to the epicenter, and B is the farthest from the epicenter.

Base your answer to the following question on the earthquake seismogram below. How many additional seismic stations must report seismogram information in order to locate this earthquake?

• one

• two

• three

• four