Comprehensive Science

Early historical models of the solar system were geocentric. Which of these phrases describes a geocentric solar system?

• The sun as a reference point.

• existing in a star system.

• Earth as a reference point.

• circular, orbital path

What reasoning did Aristotle use to explain the way that objects in the universe move?

• Objects move in elliptical orbits, inside spheres, with Earth at the center.

• Objects move in circles on one giant sphere, with Earth at the center.

• Objects move in elliptical orbits on one giant sphere, with the sun at the center.

• Objects move in circles on small spheres, inside large spheres, with Earth at the center.

How does Ptolemy’s model of the universe compare with Aristotle’s model?

• Both models are heliocentric.

• Both models are based on a parallax.

• Both models show that celestial objects have circular paths

• Both models show that celestial objects have elliptical paths.

Which claim describes why Aristarchus’ idea that the sun is much larger than Earth supports the heliocentric theory of the Solar System?

• Small objects rotate around large objects.

• Large objects rotate around small objects.

• Small objects revolve around large objects.

• Large objects revolve around small objects.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

According to the model developed by Copernicus, what causes day and night on Earth?

• Earth rotates on its axis.

• Earth revolves around the sun.

• Planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths.

• All parts of the Solar System move in circular paths.

Which of these terms describes a force of attraction between two objects that results from their masses?

• aphelion

• gravity

• orbit

• planetesimal

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-1

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Eric is creating a timeline of the formation of the solar system. Which flow chart best describes the formation of the solar system?

• solar nebula → protostellar disk → nuclear fusion → sun → planetesimals → planets

• solar nebula → protostellar disk → nuclear fusion → planetesimals → planets → sun

• protostellar disk → nuclear fusion → sun → solar nebula → planetesimals → planets

• solar nebula → nuclear fusion → sun → planets → planetesimals → protostellar disk

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

Which claim describes the role gravity played in the formation of the sun?

• Gravity caused the protoplanetary disk to become a planetesimal, which became the sun.

• Gravity caused the protoplanetary disk to rotate and form a solar nebula, which became the sun.

• Gravity caused the solar nebula to collapse toward the center, causing the center to be dense and hot.

• Gravity caused small particles to collide to form larger particles called planetesimals, which eventually formed the sun

The mean distance between Mercury and the sun is 0.387 AU. Use the formula p² = a³ to determine the orbital period of Mercury in Earth years.

• 1.0775 Earth years.

• 0.5311 Earth years

• 0.2407 Earth years

• 0.0598 Earth years

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Which claim about gas giants can be supported by evidence?

• Gas giants formed close to the sun and contain deep, gaseous atmospheres.

• Gas giants have gaseous cores and rocky surfaces because the planets are far from the sun.

• Gas giants contain no rock or metals because the planets are too cold for these materials to condense

• Gas giants contain ices because these planets formed far enough from the sun that these materials could condense.