4.1.3

Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription?

• AUGCUU

• ATGCTT

• GCATCC

• GCAUCC

Which of these bases does not exist in RNA?

• C
• T
• U
• A

The codon is located on the 

• DNA
• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA

4.1.3 b - Small segments of non-coding RNA nucleotides that transport amino acids to the ribosomes for Translation into amino acids.

• mRNA

• tRNA

• rRNA

• DNA

4.1.3 c - Which statement best explains the process of protein synthesis in terms of translation?

• The double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA helicases ahead of polymerases, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates. The enzyme DNA polymerase now starts moving along generating new DNA strands that are complementary to the ‘original’ template strands. The strand is synthesised in a 5’ to 3’ direction. The result is the formation of two identical and separate double stranded helical DNA molecules.

• The double-stranded DNA is unwound by DNA polymerase ahead of helicase, forming a replication fork containing two single-stranded templates. The enzyme DNA helicase now starts moving along generating new DNA strands that are complementary to the ‘original’ template strands. The strand is synthesised in a 5’ to 3’ direction. The result is the formation of two identical and separate double stranded helical DNA molecules.

• The unzipped double helical DNA of a gene in the nucleus, serves as a template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA bases. The enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to the single stranded DNA, moving along the strand it catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, binding each complementary RNA base to its corresponding DNA base (replacing Thymine with Uracil). The non-coding introns are removed and the remaining coding exons are spliced to form mature mRNA. The resulting mRNA leaves the nucleus.

• Single stranded mature mRNA moves out of the nucleus and is "read" by ribosomes. At the ribosome each group of three bases, called a condon, found in the mRNA, specifies a complimentary anti-codon on tRNA molecules which then attaches. Each tRNA molecule is attached to a specific amino acid. The mRNA sequence is thus used as a template to assemble—in order—the chain of amino acids that form a protein.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What is the monomer (building block) of proteins?

• Monosacchrides

• Carbohydrates

• Amino acids

• Nucleotides

• Nitrogenous bases

How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA

• 4
• 2
• 6
• 12

In comparison to a DNA strand, a 

• mRNA strand is shorter and single stranded
• mRNA strand is longer and single stranded
• mRNA strand is shorter and double stranded
• mRNA strand is longer and double stranded

If the percentage of DNA is made of 30% Thymine, what is the correct percentage of Guanine?

• 30
• 15
• 20
• 60

Correctly identify which process is occurring in the given diagram.

• Transcription of a gene into messenger RNA in the nucleus of Eukaryotes.

• Translation of mRNA into an amino acid sequence at the ribosome.

• Gene regulation by transcription factors that are restricting mRNA transcription.

• Gene regulation by factors that are restricting translation of mRNA into a amino acid chain.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1