Immunity in Biology

In the ABO blood system, the basic structure of which antigen is common in all three antigens?

• A

• B

• O

• None of these

If a person is blood group O, which antigen(s) would cause an immune response, if injected into their blood?

• A

• B

• O

• None of these

If a person is blood group AB, which antigen(s) would cause an immune response, if injected into their blood?

• A

• B

• O

• None of these

Which of the following is/are true about antibody structure?

• They are made of four polypeptides

• The variable region is recognised by phagocytes

• The constant region is where the antigen binds

• The heavy chains only contain constant regions

Which of the following is/are true of antibody production?

• Macrophages engulf and digest pathogens

• The antigen of the pathogen is presented on the cell wall of the macrophage

• The antigen on the pathogen attaches to an antibody on a T helper cell

• T helper cells are activated when they attach to the specific antigen

Which of the following is/are true of antibody production?

• Activated T helper cells activate macrophages so they clone by mitosis

• Activated T helper cells activate B cells so they clone by mitosis

• Plasma cells remain in the blood for years and clone faster if reinfected at a later date

• Memory cells produce and secrete specific antibodies into the blood to destroy the pathogen

Which of the following is/are true of antibody production?

• Plasma cells and memory cells from same B cell have the same shaped antibody on their surface

• T helper cells have antibodies on their surface

• Free ribosomes produce the antibodies that are secreted by plasma cells

• T help cells activate B cells by releasing a chemical signal

Which of the following is/are functions of antibodies?

• Preventing viruses from attaching to host cells

• Agglutinating pathogens

• Cell lysis

• Marking pathogens for faster phagocytosis

• Neutralising toxins produced by pathogens

Which of the following is/are true of allergic reactions?

• The first exposure to an allergen causes the symptoms

• Allergens are treated as foreign antigens

• Allergens cause B cells to clone into plasma cells

• Plasma cells secrete antibodies to the specific allergen

Which of the following is/are true of allergic reactions?

• Antibodies to the allergen attach to phagocytes

• The allergen attaches to antibodies on mast cells

• Symptoms are caused by overactive mast cells releasing too much histamine

• Mast cells release too much histamine because they are destroyed by antibodies