Which property of water helps organisms survive in lakes during cold winters?

Solid ice is less dense than liquid water, so surface ice insulates the water below.

Ice forms a crystalline structure with air pocke

Ice requires large amounts of heat in order to melt.

Solid ice is white, so it reflects electromagnetic radiation of a range of wavelengths.

The picture shows a student's experiment with Elodea , a common aquatic plant. Which change in this experiment is most likely to increase the volume of oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube?

move the light source closer to the beaker

replace the beaker with a larger container

Since the 1960s, the human population in Florida has grown from approximately 5 million to greater than 18 million persons. The Florida population is estimated to continue to grow and reach approximately 24 million by 2040. The Forever Florida Project and Project 2000 have been purchasing and managing land since 1990. How might state land acquisition and management benefit the environment and Florida citizens?

Undeveloped land can allow for the recharge of the aquifer that provides a water source.

Managed land can make large natural areas available for building large public schools.

Habitat can be maintained for recreational activities for the increasing population.

The managed land can be sold for urban developments so the people will have a place to live.

The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?

Cells form through spontaneous generation.

All living things are made of cells.

All cells come from other preexisting cells.

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

People who have Alzheimer€™s disease experience an increasing loss of brain function and cognition over time. Alzheimer€™s is characterized by a buildup of abnormal protein fragments that damage brain cells. Recently scientists have discovered an enzyme, BACE2, that decreases these abnormal protein fragments in the brain of a person with Alzheimer€™s disease. Which statement explains how BACE2 most likely works?

BACE2 speeds up the reaction that breaks down the abnormal protein fragments.

BACE2 breaks down into smaller pieces that react with the abnormal protein fragments, forming more complex molecules

BACE2 molecules link several abnormal protein fragments together, forming a complete protein.

BACE2 is a reactant that combines with the abnormal protein fragments.

The enzyme amylase begins reacting with starch during the chewing of food. When the food enters the stomach, amylase is no longer active and starch decomposition stops. When the food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine, starch decomposition continues again. Why is amylase inactive in the stomach?

the pH of the stomach is not optimum for amylase

the concentration of sugar is great and inactivates amylase

the temperature of the stomach is too low for amylase to function

the amylase has been degraded by the reaction and will no longer function

Environmentalists in Florida are concerned about offshore drilling in the Gulf of Mexico MAINLY because the drilling might lead to

pollution of the beaches and danger to wildlife

higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

cause pH levels of the water to decrease

Which of these does NOT support the Cell Theory?

All cells must contain a nucleus

All organisms are composed of cells.

Cells are the basic structural unit of all living things.

All cells come from pre-existing cells.

On March 24, 1989, an oil tanker ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska, and spilled millions of liters of crude oil. The graph shows pink salmon populations in Prince William Sound from 1970 to 1999. What do these data suggest about the effect the oil spill had on pink salmon?

Pink salmon populations seemed to be minimally affected.

Pink salmon were nearly eliminated after the oil spill

Pink salmon populations steadily declined in the 10 years following the spill.

Pink salmon populations declined and never fully recovered.

A farmer plows a field of grass to plant crops. Which population of animals will most likely be impacted the greatest from the habitat change?

moles that burrow in shallow soil

birds that nest in forest trees

insects whose larva feed on dead animals

A cell is placed in a solution with a salt concentration much higher than the cell cytoplasm. What will most likely happen to the cell?

The cell will remain unchanged.

When comparing temperatures of two California regions of the same latitude, students found that the nighttime temperature dropped significantly at the desert site but only slightly at the coastal site. What causes this difference?

lower carbon dioxide levels in the desert than at the coast

lower wind speeds in the desert than at the coast

less water vapor in the desert than at the coast

the ocean water moderates the temperature of the surrounding land mass

Zebra mussels were introduced into the lakes and rivers of the United States when ballast water from ships arriving from overseas was discharged into them. The zebra mussels have few predators in this country, and in some places, such as areas of shallow water, they cover the lake or river bottoms almost completely. If you had taken a census of the native species of fish in a lake both prior to and following the arrival of zebra mussels, how would you expect your census to change after the zebra mussels became established?

It is most likely that numbers of all of the native species would have dropped considerably because the zebra mussels have crowded out all of the freshwater mussels and nothing eats zebra mussels.

The numbers of the native species of fish that could eat the zebra mussels would have increased, while the numbers of organisms that eat freshwater mussels would decrease substantially

The numbers of native species would increase because the zebra mussels attracted other new species

The zebra mussels covered the bottoms of the lakes and ponds so all of the benthic organisms die out. This caused the census to go up.

Which Correctly matches the cell process to the organelle in which it occurs?

cellular respiration- mitochondrion

The leaves of green plants contain openings known as stomata. A plant opens and closes its stomata to exchange gases between the plant and the surrounding environment. Which of the following is most likely to occur when a plant's stomata open?

Carbon dioxide is taken in and oxygen is expelled.

Oxygen is taken in and nitrogen is expelled

Ozone is taken in and carbon dioxide is expelled.

Carbon dioxide is taken in and ozone is expelled.

Sophia produces the graph shown below during a biology class investigation. What could she infer about the probable difference between the original reaction and Reaction B, based on the data?

An enzyme reduced the activation energy required to start reaction B.

The original reaction had a catalyst added.

Additional water was added to Reaction B.

The original reaction was heated.

Life on Earth is made possible by the unique characteristics of water. One of those characteristics is the role of water in the regulation of the temperatures of organisms and the environment. Which of these statements best describes the characteristic of water that impacts its role in temperature regulation?

Hydrogen bonds form between water molecules. As a result, more heat is needed for water molecules to break away from other water molecules and enter the air.

Ionic bonds form between water molecules. These are the weakest type of bond and are easier to break than hydrogen bonds

Water has a low surface tension. This means that water molecules can easily break away from other water molecules and evaporate at a lower temperature.

Covalent bonds form between water molecules. As a result, less heat is needed for water molecules to break away from other water molecules and enter the air.

For many years, many people associated stomach ulcers with eating spicy foods. Later research showed that a particular bacterium living inside the highly acidic environment of the stomach produced a coating that attacked the stomach lining. This process led to the formation of stomach ulcers. These findings sent researchers looking for an antibiotic that could treat the problem bacteria. Subsequent studies found a host of antibiotics that effectively treat the bacteria and lead to the healing of the ulcers. Which of the following best illustrates the scientific process?

Unexpected findings can cause scientists to rethink earlier hypotheses.

Scientists in the same research group tend to view data in the same way.

Some medical problems, such as ulcers, cannot be treated using exercise.

Medicine sometimes provides a cure that is worse than the original disease.

Some types of "investigations" claim to be scientific in nature, but lack some of the sound scientific practices that meet the criteria for science. Which of the following examples does not meet the criteria for scientific practices and may be addressed outside of the realm of science?

Does the SkunkApe (a type of bigfoot) really exist in the Everglades?

Why do great white sharks swim such long distances each year?

How can the study of viruses help find a cure for cancer?

A student hypothesized that lettuce seeds would not germinate (sprout) unless they were exposed to darkness. The student planted 10 lettuce seeds under a layer of soil and scattered 10 lettuce seeds on top of the soil. The student found that 9 of the seeds under the soil sprouted, while 8 of the seeds left on top of the soil sprouted. Which of the following would most likely allow the student to improve the validity of these results?

concluding that light is necessary for lettuce seed germination

determining that darkness is necessary for lettuce seed germination

Before digging a new coal mine, a company wants to develop policies to help maintain the quality of the local environment. Which factor should the company track to help meet this environmental goal?

the chemical composition of the surface water near the coal mine

the amount of coal to be removed

the energy required to extract the coal

the effectiveness of new drilling techniques to retrieve the coal

In astrology, personality traits are linked to a person's birthday. According to astrology, personality traits are related to the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets at the time of a person's birth. Which statement explains why the field of astrology is NOT considered science?

Astrology predictions are not testable, as many factors affect personality.

Astrology is widely accepted by people who are not trained in scientific fields.

Astrological research is not shared in publications of any type

Astrological structures are always changing positions.

The average depth of the oceans is about 4300 meters (m). Why do most of the marine organisms live in the top 200 m of the ocean waters?

Many marine organisms are consumers living where food is abundant, and the water near the surface has many producers.

Marine organisms thrive in high salinity, and the water near the surface has the highest salinity.

Marine organisms are healthier in the coldest waters, and the water near the surface is the coldest.

Many marine organisms better survive in water with a low pH, and the water near the surface has the lowest pH due to high carbon dioxide levels.

Biology Midterm Review

Authored by Charles Martinez

Biology

9th - 12th Grade

NGSS covered

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40 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following is deforestation most likely to cause?

an increase in the amount of ozone in Earth's atmosphere

an increase in the amount of soil on Earth

an increase in the amount of mineral resources on Earth

an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following processes most likely involves the movements indicated by all of the arrows?

excretion, only

digestion of minerals

photosynthesis, only

the maintenance of homeostasis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

In a cell, a phosphate group is added to ADP to form ATP. Which of the following best describes the importance of the formation of ATP?

It connects amino acids.

It provides energy for the cell.

It creates new polysaccharides.

It catalyzes chemical reactions

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance is soluble in oil but not in water. She thinks the structure matches the image below:

carbohydrate

lipid

nucleic acid

proties

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Forest fires are often started by lightning. In the past, forestry services would extinguish the fires before they spread. Today, many forestry services practice controlled burning of forests. What is the most likely reason forestry practices have changed?

Controlled burnings return nutrients to the soil.

Controlled burnings prevent the logging of trees.

Controlled burnings maintain the population growth of animal species.

Controlled burnings increase the amount of water runoff after a storm.

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

NGSS.HS-LS2-7

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which of the following groups contains only molecules that are assembled from smaller organic compounds?

protein, water, DNA, fats

proteins, starch, carbon dioxide, water

proteins, carbon dioxide, DNA, starch

proteins, DNA, fats, starch

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Use the diagrams to answer the question. The diagram shows the concentration of different molecules across a lipid bilayer. Which numbered diagram or diagrams represent active transport?

1 only

2 and 3

1 and 3

3 only

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Biology Midterm Review

Which of the following is deforestation most likely to cause?

Which of the following processes most likely involves the movements indicated by all of the arrows?

In a cell, a phosphate group is added to ADP to form ATP. Which of the following best describes the importance of the formation of ATP?

A scientist analyzing an unknown substance has determined that it consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. During experimentation, she determines that the substance is soluble in oil but not in water. She thinks the structure matches the image below:

Forest fires are often started by lightning. In the past, forestry services would extinguish the fires before they spread. Today, many forestry services practice controlled burning of forests. What is the most likely reason forestry practices have changed?

Which of the following groups contains only molecules that are assembled from smaller organic compounds?

Use the diagrams to answer the question. The diagram shows the concentration of different molecules across a lipid bilayer. Which numbered diagram or diagrams represent active transport?

Which property of water helps organisms survive in lakes during cold winters?

The picture shows a student's experiment with Elodea, a common aquatic plant. Which change in this experiment is most likely to increase the volume of oxygen gas that accumulates in the top of the tube?

A sports physiologist was monitoring athletes to determine at which point their muscles began to work under anaerobic conditions. The best way to test for this would be to check for a buildup of

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