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In the 1800s two scientists, Theodor Schwann and Matthias Schleiden, studied different types of organisms. After many years of studying a great variety of organisms, they drew similar but independent conclusions about their observations. Which statement is developed most directly from the conclusions and is part of the modern cell theory?

• Cells contain hereditary information.

• Living things are composed of cells.

• Cells exist only in multicellular organisms.

• The functions of living things occur in cells.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

What kind of cell is represented by the above model?

• Fungi

• Animal

• Bacteria

• Plant

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

There are many processes at work in the human stomach. The stomach is part of which larger system?

• circulatory

• digestive

• nervous

• respiratory

In 1838 botanist Matthias Schleiden determined that all plants are composed of cells. In 1839 anatomist Theodor Schwann proposed that all animals are composed of cells. In 1855 biologist Rudolph Virchow added to Schleiden’s and Schwann’s observations and proposed that all living things are composed of cells. Which statement is also part of Virchow’s cell theory?

• All cells have a cell wall.

• All cells are capable of photosynthesis.

• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

• All cells can develop into any other type of cell.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-1

Living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are organized at different levels to form very complex living organisms like your body. Each level has a specific role or job to perform.

Which of the following lists these levels in the correct order of organization from the simplest to the most complex?

• Organisms, organ systems, organs, tissues, cells

• Tissues, cells, organs, organisms, organ systems

• Organs, organ systems, organisms, cells, tissues

• Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

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NGSS.MS-LS1-3

Which structures perform similar functions in plant and animal cells?

• mitochondria, nucleus, cell membrane

• vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

• cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus

• ribosome, cell membrane, chloroplast

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NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which structure of plant cells helps to maintain homeostasis?

• semipermeable cell membrane

• chlorplasts

• large vacuoles filled with food, air, and water

• tough, rigid cell wall

An animal’s liver is very important. It cleans the blood while also playing a key role in digestion. Which level of biological organization does the liver belong to?

• Cell

• Tissue

• Organ

• Organ System

A strainer allows certain items through, but not others. Which cell part functions similarly to a strainer?

• nucleus

• ribosome

• mitochondrion

• cell membrane

Which of these can be found in a plant cell but not in an animal cell?

• nucleus

• chloroplast

• chromosome

• cell membrane

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2