Chapter 8 AP Environmental Science

Which statement about hybrid vehicles is accurate?

• Hybrid cars have negligible environmental impact.
• A hybrid car has the potential to use only half as much gasoline as an internal combustion car.
• Mining the metals used in a hybrid is less destructive to the environment than fossil fuel extraction.
• The lanthanum required for use in a hybrid car is a renewable resource.
• The metals needed for producing hybrid cars will be depleted in the next 10 years.

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Which does NOT occur as a result of mining the metals needed to build hybrid cars?

• Acids are pumped into deep boreholes to dissolve surrounding rock.
• Ground disturbance causes air and water to react with other minerals in the rock.
• The surrounding natural habitat is fragmented.
• Acid mine drainage flows over land.
• No non-renewable resources are used.

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How are the elements on Earth distributed?

• The most dense elements are in the center, called the mantle.
• The most dense elements are at the surface, called the crust.
• The least dense elements are at the surface, called the mantle.
• The most dense elements are in the center, called the core.
• The least dense elements are in the center, called the core.

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How old is Earth?

• 1.6 billion years
• 2.6 billion years
• 3.6 billion years
• 4.6 billion years
• 8.6 billion years

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Earth's lithosphere includes

• the liquid outer core.
• all of the crust.
• the entire mantle.
• all of the core.
• the solid inner core.

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Magma circulates in convection cells in Earth's

• crust.
• asthenosphere.
• core.
• lithosphere.
• mid-ocean ridge.

The layer of soil on the surface of Earth is at the top of the

• crust.
• mantle.
• core.
• asthenosphere.
• stratosphere.

The high temperatures at the center of Earth are thought to be the result of

• the rotation of Earth on its access.
• absorption of solar energy.
• seismic activity.
• radioactive decay.
• hot spots.

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What happens at a hot spot?

• Water rises.
• Plates spread.
• Magma rises.
• Fault zones appear.
• Magma sinks.

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Which provided evidence for the change in continent location over time?

• Fossils found in Antarctica match fossils found in Greenland.
• Identical rock formations were found on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
• Hot spots are located in parallel positions on both sides of the Pacific Ocean.
• Fossils of mammals have been found in both South America and Africa.
• Carbon dating has shown that rocks are of similar ages in South America and Africa.

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