AP Biology: Unit 2 Review (CED) from @apbiopenguins

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)?

• A) Protein synthesis

• B) Lipid synthesis and detoxification processes

• C) Energy production

• D) DNA replication

What are transmembrane proteins?

• Proteins that are only found on the surface of the cell membrane.

• Proteins that span the entire cell membrane and are involved in transporting substances across the membrane.

• Proteins that are involved in cell signaling but do not span the membrane.

• Proteins that are exclusively found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

What is osmosis?

• The active transport of nutrients into cells.

• The passive movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

• The process of cell division in organisms.

• The movement of solutes from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

What is facilitated diffusion?

• A type of active transport that requires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane.

• A type of passive transport that uses specific proteins to help move molecules across the cell membrane without using energy.

• A process that involves the movement of water molecules only through the cell membrane.

• A method of transporting large molecules by engulfing them in the cell membrane.

What is the function of carbohydrate chains on the cell membrane?

• They provide structural support to the cell membrane.

• They act as channels for ion transport.

• They play a role in cell recognition and signaling.

• They store energy for the cell.

What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model?

• It describes the structure of the cell membrane as a rigid layer of proteins.

• It explains how DNA is replicated within the cell.

• It describes the structure of the cell membrane as a mosaic of various components (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates) that move fluidly, allowing for flexibility and functionality.

• It outlines the process of cellular respiration in mitochondria.

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?

• Involved in the synthesis of proteins and is studded with ribosomes, which give it a 'rough' appearance.

• Responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs.

• Involved in the production of ATP through cellular respiration.

• Functions primarily in the storage of calcium ions.

What is passive transport?

• The movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy.

• The movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy, relying on concentration gradients.

• The process of actively pumping substances against their concentration gradient.

• The movement of substances through a cell membrane only in the presence of a specific protein.

What is a concentration gradient?

• A measure of the total amount of a substance in a given volume.

• The difference in the concentration of a substance across a space, which drives the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.

• A technique used to separate substances based on their density.

• The process of increasing the concentration of a substance in a solution.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

What are phospholipids?

• Molecules that make up the cell membrane, consisting of a hydrophilic 'head' and two hydrophobic 'tails'.

• Proteins that provide structural support to the cell membrane.

• Carbohydrates that serve as energy sources for the cell.

• Lipids that are soluble in water and help in cell signaling.