STAAR Review: 9B & 9C

Which statement accurately describes the energy needs for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

• Solar energy is needed for cellular respiration but not for photosynthesis.

• Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for both cellular respiration and photosynthesis.

• Chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for photosynthesis, and solar energy is needed for cellular respiration.

• Solar energy is needed for photosynthesis, and chemical energy in the form of glucose is needed for cellular respiration.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Which statement explains how produces are dependent upon consumers for their survival?

• Consumers supply oxygen for producers to undergo aerobic respiration.

• Consumers produce carbon dioxide for producers to use during photosynthesis.

• Consumers provide chemical energy needed by producers for cellular respiration.

• Consumers make lactic acid that producers use in photosynthesis.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both involve the use and release of gases. Which statement correctly identifies the role of gases in the two processes?

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

• Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both use oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

• Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, while photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

• Cellular respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while photosynthesis uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

Which statement best describes the relationship between the products of photosynthesis and the reactants in cellular respiration?

• The products of photosynthesis serve as the reactants in cellular respiration to provide chemical energy.

• The products of photosynthesis combine with the reactants in cellular respiration to remove ATP from cells.

• The products of photosynthesis inhibit the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.

• The products of photosynthesis change the structure of the reactants in cellular respiration in the presence of light.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-3

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

For an enzyme to be able to catalyze a reaction, the active site must -

• be occupied by an inhibitor

• increase the activation energy level

• have a complementary shape to the substrate

• cause the enzyme to be destroyed in the reaction

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

• The substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme.

• The enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate.

• The products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed.

• The enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before.

The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH. Based on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?

• Temperature of 27 degrees C and a pH of 4

• Temperature of 37 degrees C and pH of 6

• Temperature of 40 degrees C and pH of 8

• Temperature of 50 degrees C and pH of 10

Taq polymerase is an enzyme used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to replicate fragments of DNA. A study published in 1976 examined the properties of Taq polymerase after the enzyme was isolated from Thermus aquaticus, a thermophilic bacterium that lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. The graph shows one of the results of the study. Which statement about enzyme activity is best supported by this graph?

• An enzyme must be composed of multiple polypeptides, or subunits, to be active.

• An enzyme's rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive.

• An enzyme functions best under specific temperature conditions.

• An enzyme works equally well in bacteria that are adapted to high temperatures and in eukaryotic cells such as human cells.