Formation and Composition of the Universe

The universe is mostly made up of

• dark matter
• stars
• dust
• empty space

About how long ago do scientists believe the universe began?

• 13-14 billion years ago
• 13-14 million years ago
• 12-13 billion years ago
• 12-13 million years ago

Why is the light from distant galaxies red-shifted?

• They produce more red light than nearby galaxies
• They are moving away from us
• The longer wavelengths are filtered out more by dust
• They are moving toward us

What do the initial moments after the Big Bang have in common with the universe as it exists now? 

• all the stars, galaxies, and planets that exist today were formed just a few moments after the Big Bang
• The universe back then could not sustain life, and it cannot sustain life now
• the universe was extremely hot then, and it is still extremely hot not
• the universe began expanding then, and it is still expanding today

If an object is moving toward us, its spectrum will experience

• no shift
• red shift
• black spectrum
• blue shift

The existence of the cosmic background radiation implies that

• the big bang model is wrong.
• the universe began in a hot, dense state.
• the universe did not have a moment of creation.
• the universe began in a cold, low-density state. 

Are any of the galaxies moving towards Earth?  Explain.

• A.  It is redshifted
• B. It is redshifted.
• C. It is blue shifted.
• A. It is blueshifted.

The big bang was a what?

• explosion
• unknown
• expansion
• contraction

What were the original two elements in our universe?

• Lithium and Carbon
• Hydrogen and Neon
• Helium and Chlorine
• Hydrogen and Helium

The "afterglow" of the energy from the origin of the universe that we see today.

• Cosmic radiation
• sunlight
• Doppler effect
• Cosmic explosions