How will a toucan being overhunted affect the transfer of energy in the food web? Choose the best response.

Overhunting toucans will affect the entire food web. Boa constrictors will rely more heavily on sloths as a main food energy source, causing a decrease in the sloth population. Producers may increase as a result.

Overhunting toucans will only affect the boa constrictor and sloth populations because their food energy sources will increase. This will also increase the producer population.

Overhunting toucans will only affect the toucan and the boa constrictor. The boa constrictor will no longer have a main food energy source, and both populations will continue to decrease.

Overhunting toucans will only affect the toucan and the sloth. The sloth will not have the food to eat, causing a decrease in food energy for the sloth.

How do primary and secondary succession affect species diversity after ecosystems are disrupted by human activity?

Primary and secondary succession both cause an increase in species diversity, therefore making the ecosystem more stable.

Primary and secondary succession both cause a decrease in species diversity, therefore making the ecosystem less stable.

Primary and secondary succession both cause an increase in species diversity, therefore making the ecosystem less stable.

Primary succession causes an increase in species diversity, and secondary succession causes a decrease in species diversity.

After a forest fire in Yellowstone National Park in 1988, 793,880 acres of land burned and a large population of plant and animal life was affected but not entirely destroyed. The lodgepole pine populations, a producer that the elk feed on, came back quickly. The wheatgrass populations, a producer that the pronghorn feed on, took longer to repopulate. Which statement is true based on the information?

This is an example of secondary succession. The elk population increased as the lodgepole pine population increased. The pronghorn population took longer to increase than the elk because the producer the elk feed on repopulated quicker.

This is an example of primary succession. Producer populations slowly decreased overall except for the lodgepole pine and wheatgrass populations. As these producer populations increased, elk and pronghorn populations also increased.

This is an example of secondary succession. The elk and pronghorn populations quickly increased because their return is not dependent on the producer populations they feed on.

This is an example of primary succession. The elk and pronghorn populations decreased as the lodgepole pine and wheatgrass populations increased. New species then started to repopulate the area.

Read the paragraph. The biodiversity of species impacts the stability and sustainability of ecosystems. A group of jaguars have ______ types of prey to hunt in order to survive without running out of food. A population of giraffes has ______ types of plants for them to graze upon. Even animals that compete for similar prey, like lions and cheetahs, have ______ options. The animals also rely on ______ factors such as air and water to help them survive, which are sustainable natural resources. Choose the option that identifies the missing terms or phrases, in order of appearance in the sentences.

multiple; many; a variety of; abiotic

multiple, few; a variety of; biotic

An arctic food web is shown. Which organism is a keystone species in the food web?

The polar bear, because it keeps the entire food web in balance

The whale, because it only eats zooplankton and is the largest animal within the food web

The zooplankton, because all of its energy is transferred to the polar cod

The ocean algae, because it has the lowest amount of energy in the food web

If a flood occurred in this region and significantly reduced the zooplankton population, how could the food web be impacted?

The loss of zooplankton could cause a decrease in the polar bear population because there would be a decrease in the polar bear prey that feed on zooplankton.

The loss of zooplankton could cause a decrease in the ocean algae population because the ocean algae would lose its only prey.

The loss of zooplankton could cause a decrease in the whale population because it is the only source of energy for whales.

The loss of zooplankton could cause an increase in the polar cod population because there would be less competition for the polar cod.

A devastating landslide occurs on a secluded mountain and destroys all of the soil and wildlife. The only thing that remains in the ecosystem are bare rocks. Read the list of events. 1. A variety of vegetation grows. 2. The ecosystem is restored. 3. Lichens die and form healthy soil. 4. Lichens colonize bare rock. 5. Wildlife arrives and repopulates the area. What type of succession will occur in this scenario and how will it impact species diversity?

Primary succession will occur and species diversity will increase.

Secondary succession will occur and species diversity will decrease.

Secondary succession will occur and species diversity will increase.

Primary succession will occur and species diversity will decrease.

Ecologists are studying the relationships between biodiversity, populations, and the stability of a lake ecosystem. Their goal is to increase the sustainability and health of organisms in the lake ecosystem. Which goal will help the ecologists improve the sustainability and health of organisms in the lake ecosystem?

Ecologists propose to increase the diversity of native species in the lake.

Ecologists propose to increase the amount of water in the lake.

Ecologists propose to decrease the number of native species in the lake.

Ecologists propose to increase the number of invasive species in the lake.

Read the scenarios. 1. A keystone species goes extinct. 2. An invasive species is introduced. 3. A pasture is overgrazed by cows. 4. A native species repopulates an area. Which option correctly categorizes each scenario as an example of a stable or unstable ecosystem?

Stable ecosystem: 4; Unstable ecosystem: 1, 2, 3

Stable ecosystem: 2; Unstable ecosystem: 1, 3, 4

Stable ecosystem: 3, 4; Unstable ecosystem: 1, 2

Stable ecosystem: 1, 2; Unstable ecosystem: 3, 4

Which statement is true regarding the graph?

The greatest algae growth is in the nitrogen environment. An increase in the algae population increases biodiversity and maintains the stability of the ecosystem.

The least algae growth is in the phosphorus environment. A decrease in the algae population increases biodiversity and maintains the stability of the ecosystem.

The greatest algae growth is in the nitrogen environment. An increase in the algae population decreases biodiversity and creates a more unstable ecosystem.

The greatest algae growth is in the phosphorus environment. An increase in the algae population leads to a decrease in biodiversity and creates a more unstable ecosystem.

Scientists are studying how nutrients impact the algae population because they predict that flooding may change the available nutrients, which can impact food webs and the transfer of energy throughout the ecosystem. What will likely happen if flooding leads to an absence of phosphorus in an environment similar to the stream represented in the graph?

There will be a decrease in the algae population, which will disrupt energy transfers between organisms throughout the food web.

There will be an increase in the algae population, which will disrupt energy transfers between organisms throughout the food web.

There will be an increase in the algae population, which will increase energy transfers between organisms throughout the food web.

There will be a decrease in the algae population, which will decrease energy transfers between organisms throughout the food web.

Based on the data, how would the lack of phosphorus and nitrogen in the environment impact the ecosystem?

Biodiversity would decrease because algae are producers. The main food source for consumers would decrease and this would create a more unstable ecosystem.

Biodiversity would increase because there would be more algae as a food source for consumers. This would create a more stable ecosystem.

Biodiversity would decrease because algae can grow in harsh conditions. This would create a more stable ecosystem.

Biodiversity would increase because a lack of nutrients would lead to increased growth and more food sources for consumers. This would create a more unstable ecosystem.

The image shows an aquatic ecosystem and some of the feeding relationships in the ecosystem. Which best describes how the overfishing of bass may affect the transfer of energy in this food web?

If the bass population decreased, the trout population would increase, and the sea cucumber population would decrease. The energy transfers throughout the food web would change as a result.

If the bass population decreased, the trout population would remain unchanged, and the sea cucumber population would increase. The energy transfers throughout the food web would remain the same.

If the bass population decreased, the trout population would decrease, and the sea cucumber population would increase. The energy transfers throughout the food web would remain the same.

If the bass population decreased, the trout population would increase, and the sea cucumber population would also increase. The energy transfers throughout the food web would change as a result.

Look at the image of the forest ecosystem. A forest fire nearly destroyed the ecosystem, but some organisms still remain. Which of the following is true regarding the effects of this natural disaster?

D. Secondary succession occurred. The fox, raccoon, and squirrel populations will increase after the producer population is restored. Species diversity will increase.

A. Primary succession occurred. The number of squirrels will decrease but not be entirely displaced because there is some food source available. Species diversity will decrease overall.

B. Primary succession occurred. The fox, raccoon, and squirrel populations will increase after the ecosystem rebuilds. Species diversity will remain the same.

C. Secondary succession occurred. The number of foxes will decrease because they lost a food source. Species diversity will decrease overall.

Suppose there is an oil spill because an oil company begins drilling on land. The oil spill destroys the nearby ecosystem. There are no longer any animals and plants inhabiting the area. Which explanation best describes how succession occurs after the oil spill?

A. Primary succession will occur after algae and fungi begin to form. Plants will begin to grow, and animals will eventually repopulate the area. Biodiversity will increase.

B. Secondary succession will occur after lichen begins to form on bare rock. Plants and animals will then repopulate the area. Biodiversity will increase.

C. Primary succession will occur after existing seeds and roots grow new plant life. Biodiversity will decrease since the ecosystem will only contain producers.

D. Secondary succession will occur after animals repopulate the area. Plants will then begin to grow. Biodiversity will increase.

Scientists are studying how nutrients impact the algae population because they predict that flooding may change the available nutrients, which can impact food webs and the transfer of energy throughout the ecosystem. What will likely happen if flooding leads to an absence of phosphorus in an environment similar to the stream represented in the graph?

There will be a decrease in the algae population, which will disrupt energy transfers between organisms throughout the food web.

There will be an increase in the algae population, which will disrupt energy transfers between organisms throughout the food web.

There will be an increase in the algae population, which will increase energy transfers between organisms throughout the food web.

There will be a decrease in the algae population, which will decrease energy transfers between organisms throughout the food web.

Based on the data, how would the lack of phosphorus and nitrogen in the environment impact the ecosystem?

Biodiversity would decrease because algae are producers. The main food source for consumers would decrease and this would create a more unstable ecosystem.

Biodiversity would increase because there would be more algae as a food source for consumers. This would create a more stable ecosystem.

Biodiversity would decrease because algae can grow in harsh conditions. This would create a more stable ecosystem.

Biodiversity would increase because a lack of nutrients would lead to increased growth and more food sources for consumers. This would create a more unstable ecosystem.

How could a hurricane negatively impact the transfer of energy within a food web? Select all that apply.

High winds could damage plant life such as trees and agriculture, which could weaken the patterns of energy transfer from producers to consumers.

The flooding could cause destruction to the shelters of primary consumers, thus reducing the population and a food source for the organisms that prey on them.

The flooding could remove bacteria and contamination from the area, which could reduce certain diseases in plants and animals.

The flooding could bring new fish to the coastal area, thus decreasing the transfer of energy from consumer to producer.

High winds could help the transfer of seeds to allow for seed dispersal and decrease the transfer of energy from producer to consumer.

The image shows a forest ecosystem and the feeding relationships that exist between different organisms. A forest fire occurs in the ecosystem. The impact of the fire caused the following: ● A decrease in the squirrel population ● A decrease in the white pine population Which best describes how the forest fire may affect the energy transfer in this food web? Select all that apply.

A decrease in the white pine population would decrease the available food sources for deer, causing the deer to potentially leave the area.

A decrease in the squirrel population would decrease a food source for the hawk. This would cause the hawk to consume more mice, therefore causing a decline in the mice population.

A decrease in the white pine population would increase the energy transfers from producer to consumer and the deer population would remain stable.

A decrease in the squirrel population would cause a decrease in the deer, hawk, and white pine populations, therefore causing the consumers to leave the area.

Producer populations, such as the white pine population, would go extinct, causing the removal of producers from the food web.

Hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, volcanoes, and wildfires are examples of . If a wildfire occurs within a forest, the loss of vegetation leads to . Also, some organisms relocate to new areas, which leads to and a decrease in __. All of these occurrences can affect the transfer of energy in a food web. Choose the option that identifies the missing terms or phrases, in order of appearance in the sentences.

natural disasters; loss of habitat; changes in population size; food sources

population changes; overpopulation; ecosystem stability; primary succession

natural disasters; overpopulation; changes in population size; primary succession

population changes; loss of habitat; ecosystem stability; food sources

Sea otters were once hunted for their fur. Because of the overharvesting of the otters, their sea urchin prey experienced huge population growth. How else was the transfer of energy in that food web disrupted?

The sea urchin’s food population declined.

Other otter prey populations declined.

The urchins started eating other food.

The otters started eating the urchins.

Unit 11 Test Review

Authored by Kasi Jackson

Science

8th Grade

NGSS covered

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MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A healthy ecosystem is one that has biodiversity to support life. Which of the following options best describe how biodiversity contributes to the stability and sustainability of an ecosystem? Select all that apply.

Biodiversity helps provide a variety of food sources for organisms which increases the stability of populations.

Biodiversity helps organism populations grow in their ecosystem by lowering birth rates in different populations.

Biodiversity helps ecosystems support animals that do not compete for food and stabilizes the populations of prey.

Biodiversity helps organisms create multiple predator and prey relationships, therefore helping to stabilize populations.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which statements correctly explain how biodiversity in an ecosystem impacts the health of its individual organisms? Choose three answers.

A. Biodiversity increases the number of niches, which reduces unsustainable competition.

B. Biodiversity creates a variety of food sources for organisms.

C. Biodiversity increases competition, which reduces the number of predator-prey relationships.

D. Biodiversity reduces the number of niches, which reduces unsustainable competition.

E. Biodiversity increases the variety of producers, which supports the food web base.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Look at this diagram of a food web. In the diagram, which organism is the keystone species?

The vole, because it controls the stability of the plant populations

The gray wolf, because it controls the stability of the entire food web

The shrub with berries, because it controls the stability of the entire food web

The elk, because it controls the stability of the shrubs and berries

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Hawaii has many active volcanoes as a result of a hotspot on the ocean floor. The Loihi seamount is currently underwater and with continued volcanism, a new island is expected to form. How will succession impact the species diversity and populations of Loihi? Select all that apply.

Primary succession will cause an increase in producer populations, but a decrease in consumer populations.

Secondary succession will cause a decrease in both producer and consumer populations.

Primary succession will cause species diversity to increase.

Secondary succession will cause species diversity to decrease.

Primary succession will cause an increase in both producer and consumer populations.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Suppose you are an ecologist investigating an ecosystem after a devastating natural event occurs. The area previously had been inhabited. Now, the environment has lost all animal species, as well as most plant species. How will succession take place and what impact will it have? Choose two correct answers.

Secondary succession will restart from the existing soil, nutrients, and plant species in the ecosystem; plant diversity will increase.

Secondary succession will restart from the existing plant species in the ecosystem but plant diversity will decrease.

Since plant species diversity decreases, animals that depend on the plant species will leave the ecosystem to recover elsewhere.

Once plant species diversity increases, animal populations that depend on the plant species will begin to recover.

Primary succession will restart from the existing soil, nutrients, and plant species in the ecosystem; plant diversity will increase.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which options describe how L. pulchella impacts energy transfer and biodiversity throughout the marine ecosystem? Choose two correct answers.

L. pulchella will not have predators in the new environment, therefore they can grow without limit and compete against native species. This will decrease biodiversity and disrupt energy transfers in the food web.

L. pulchella will cause a decrease in the clam population, which will cause an increase in the algae population. This will decrease biodiversity and disrupt energy transfers in the food web.

L. pulchella will not have prey in the new environment so they will be able to compete against other species. The clam population will also increase and compete with the native species. Biodiversity will increase.

L. pulchella will not have predators in the new environment so they can grow without limit and compete against native species. This will increase biodiversity and increase energy transfer in the food web.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

NGSS.MS-LS2-1

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The image shows an Amazon rainforest food web. Which of the following best describes the relationships between the organisms shown in the food web?

Predator-prey relationships

Symbiotic relationships

Competitive relationships

Parasitic relationships

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-2

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