Geology

Rocks that form from cooling magma underground are called:

• extrusive metamorphic rocks

• intrusive metamorphic rocks

• extrusive igneous rocks

• intrusive igneous rocks

Hot liquid rock on the Earth’s surface is called:

• lava

• magma

• both

• none of the above

The rock cycle shows how:

• metamorphic rocks are formed from sedimentary

  rocks, which are formed from igneous rocks.

• weathering and erosion eventually breaks down all rocks and one day there won’t be any rocks

• the Earth’s minerals are continually recycled

  between igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

• sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks are

  formed from unrelated processes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Precious gemstones are usually classified as 8 or higher on the Mohs scale of hardness. This explains why gemstones:

• break smoothly along predictable, straight lines

• fluoresce light

• can be easily cut into any shape

• do not scratch easily and hold their polished surfaces for a very long time

Human activities, including the construction of buildings, roads and pavements have altered the rate of the rock cycle. Which of the following geological process could be attributed to human activities?

• Increased flooding and soil erosion.

• Increased formation of metamorphic rocks.

• Decreased volcanic activity resulting in fewer

  igneous rocks

• Decreased chemical weathering due to acid rain.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which one of the following best defines a mineral?

• Another name for gemstones.

• A naturally occurring chemical compound with a

  specific composition.

• A rock that contains very high amounts of a

  metal or other valuable substance.

• Any naturally occurring chemical compound that

  contains a metal.

A major property that is specific to igneous rocks is that they:

• are soft

• are layered

• contain interlocking crystals.

• contain fossils.