Jovian and Terrestrial Planets

Jupiter is a Jovian planet. Compared to terrestrial planets, Jupiter has a

• shorter period of revolution

• shorter distance to the Sun

• greater density

• greater mass

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

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NGSS.MS-PS2-4

Compared to the Jovian planets in our solar system, the terrestrial planets have

• less mass and are less dense

• less mass and are more dense

• more mass and are less dense

• more mass and are more dense

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

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Planets that are closest to the Sun are identified as

• low-density Jovian

• low-density terrestrial

• high-density Jovian

• high-density terrestrial

Compared to terrestrial planets, Jovian planets have

• smaller equatorial diameters and shorter periods of revolution

• smaller equatorial diameters and longer periods of revolution

• larger equatorial diameters and shorter periods of revolution

• larger equatorial diameters and longer periods of revolution

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

The diagram below represents the interiors of three planets in our solar system. Which inference best describes the interiors of the planets in our solar system?

• Both terrestrial and Jovian planets have layered interiors, with density increasing toward the center.

• Both terrestrial and Jovian planets have layered interiors, with density decreasing toward the center.

• Only terrestrial planets have layered interiors, with density decreasing toward the center.

• Only Jovian planets have layered interiors, with density increasing toward the center.

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

Which statement best explains why Earth and the other planets of our solar system became layered as they were being formed?

• Materials that cooled slowly stayed at the surface of each planet.

• Materials that cooled quickly stayed at the surface of each planet.

• Gravity caused more-dense material to move toward the center of each planet.

• Gravity caused less-dense material to move toward the center of each planet.

Which planet has an average density most similar to the average density of the Moon?

• Mercury

• Jupiter

• Mars

• Neptune

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-3

The terrestrial planets differ from the Jovian planets because the terrestrial planets are

• less dense and larger

• less dense and smaller

• more dense and larger

• more dense and smaller

Base your answer to the question on the diagram below. The diagram represents the inferred stages in the formation of our solar system. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. The remaining stages show the gas cloud flattening into a spinning disk as planets formed around our Sun.

Which force was mostly responsible for the contraction of the gas cloud?

• friction

• magnetism

• gravity

• inertia

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

Why do the planets in our solar system have a layered internal structure?

• Each planet is composed of materials of different densities.

• The Sun exerts a gravitational force on the planets.

• Cosmic dust settled in layers on the planets’ surfaces.

• All planets cooled rapidly after they formed.