AP Biology Cells Review

Which statement is correct about diffusion?

• It's very rapid over long distances.
• It's a passive process which molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.
• It requires an energy expenditure by the cell.
• It's an active process where molecules move from a region of lower to higher concentration.

Plant cells have ___ for cell to cell communication.

• gap junctions
• plasmodesmata
• desmosomes
• tight junctions

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

• central vacuole
• chloroplast
• wall made of cellulose
• mitochondrion

Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

• evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
• the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
• limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
• the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

A patient has had a serious accident and lost a lot of blood. In an attempt to replenish body fluids, distilled water-equal to the volume of blood lost-is transferred directly into one of his veins. What will be the most probable result of this transfusion?

• The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypertonic compared to the cells.
• The patient's red blood cells will shrivel up because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.
• It will have no unfavorable effect as long as the water is free of viruses and bacteria.
• The patient's red blood cells will swell because the blood fluid has become hypotonic compared to the cells.

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,

• mitochondria and chloroplasts.
• peroxisomes and chloroplasts.
• chloroplasts and peroxisomes.
• chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

• glycogen
• cellulose
• proteins
• lipids

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?

• denaturation of the enzyme
• noncompetitive inhibition
• allosteric inhibition
• competitive inhibition

Which of the following would likely move through the lipid bilayer of a plasma membrane most rapidly?

• CO₂
• an amino acid
• starch
• glucose

Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in the distribution of ions on opposite sides of the membrane?

• phosphorylated tyrosine kinase dimer
• ligand-gated ion channel
• receptor tyrosine kinase
• G protein-coupled receptor