Which is true about fossils and rocks found in the same layer (strata)?

They are relatively the same age.

They are made of the same minerals.

They have the same color and texture.

They are usually from different eras.

Ferns, such as the one in the picture, can be found today. They are usually found growing in warmer climates. However, fossils of ferns have been found in places with cold climates where it often snows today. What can we conclude about the places where the fossils of ferns have been found?

These places once had a warmer climate.

Ferns used to live in cold climates.

Someone tried to grow ferns in cold climates.

These places once had a colder climate.

According to the fossil record found in these sedimentary layers, what conclusion can be drawn about animal life in general?

Vertebrates appeared in the oceans before they moved on to land.

Animals did not move on to land until flowering plants evolved.

Shelled animals and fish appeared in the oceans at about the same time.

Vertebrates evolved on land and in the oceans at about the same time.

Chris was creating a poster about the geologic time scale and the major events that occurred during Earth’s history. Number the major events below in the correct order.

4, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1 (The time of few fossils, Cambrian Explosion, abundant earliest plants, age of reptiles, flowering plants arose, humans appeared)

4, 5, 6, 2, 3, 1 (The time of few fossils, abundant earliest plants, Cambrian Explosion, age of reptiles, humans appeared, flowering plants arose)

6, 5, 4, 1, 3, 2 (Abundant earliest plants, the time of few fossils, Cambrian explosion, flowering plants arose, humans appeared, age of reptiles)

5, 6, 4, 3, 1, 2 (Cambrian Explosion, the time of few fossils, abundant earliest plants, flowering plants arose, age of reptiles, humans appeared)

Isabella’s part in a group project on the history of Earth was researching and presenting on the Precambrian time. Which two phrases best characterize the Precambrian time?

a time of few fossils; a time that covers 88 percent of Earth’s history

a time of great evolutionary change; a time of few fossils

a time with multiple periods in it; a time of great evolutionary change

a time that covers 88 percent of Earth’s history; a time with multiple periods in it

The information in the diagram BEST supports which hypothesis?

The fossil in layer C is older than the fossil in layer D.

The fossil in layer C is preserved in metamorphic rock.

The fossil in layer C is preserved in igneous rock.

The fossil organism in layer C is more complex than the fossil organism in layer D.

Sedimentary rocks found high in the Himalayan Mountains have been found with fossils of clams and other marine life. What does this indicate about the origin of the Himalayan Mountains?

The Earth's crust that formed these mountains was once covered with an ocean.

Animals that now live on the mountains once lived under water.

There was once a large ocean at top of the mountains.

Continental drift resulted from two tectonic moving away from each other over time.

Fish fossils have been found in some places where there is no longer any water. Sometimes, they are found on tops of mountains. What is the BEST explanation for why the fish fossils were found in these places with no water?

These places were once underwater.

These places had fish that climbed the mountains.

The fossils caused the water to dry up.

Emily was interested in how geologists date rocks, and she learned about two methods. She learned that potassium-40 is used to find the 1. (absolute age / half-life / relative age) of ancient rocks, because it has a long 2. (half-life / absolute age / relative age). Carbon-14 is used for dating much 3. (younger / older) rocks due to its shorter 4. (absolute age / half-life / relative age).

1. absolute age, 2. half-life, 3. younger, 4. half-life

1. relative age, 2. half-life, 3. older, 4. relative age

1. absolute age, 2. relative age, 3. older, 4. half-life

1. relative age, 2. half-life, 3. younger, 4. absolute age

James looked at a picture of rock layers while studying how scientists determine the ages of rocks. He looked at the variety of layers and understood that the law of superposition indicated something about the rock layer ages. What does the law of superposition indicate?

The rock layers on top are the youngest layers and the lower rock layers are the oldest layers.

The rock layers can change their position and push younger rock layers under older rock layers.

The rock layers can change their position and push older rock layers under younger rock layers.

The rock layers on top are the oldest layers and the lower rock layers are the youngest layers.

Index fossils help scientists study rock ages. In what way do index fossils help determine rock ages?

Index fossils are widely distributed but were not around long, and so they show up in only a few rock layers.

Index fossils are widely distributed and were around for a long time, and so they show up in many rock layers.

Index fossils were around only a short time but they show up in many rock layers.

Index fossils are widely distributed and are always found in every sedimentary rock layer.

Angelica saw an example of the geologic time scale in her book while studying the history of the Earth. She is interested in learning more about the geologic time scale, including its purpose. What is the purpose of the geologic time scale?

to organize Earth's history in a record of geologic events and show the evolution of life forms

to organize the eras and periods of major events of fossils

to organize the kinds of plants and animals that lived during those times on Earth

to organize the kinds of rocks in order for people to study the life forms and classify fossils

Kim was reading about the Jurassic period in the Mesozoic era. She was especially interested in the rise of the dinosaurs. How did the second mass extinction and the loss of the dinosaurs affect the remaining populations of mammals that did survive?

With less competition, the remaining mammals had more food, water, and habitats.

With less competition, the remaining mammals had to move from their established habitats.

With more competition among the other kinds of populations, the mammals had to struggle to survive.

With more competition among the other kinds of populations, the mammals were able to thrive.

Olivia was reading about the Earth’s history. She grew interested in the Quaternary period in the Cenozoic era and studied it further. The Quaternary period is best known for which two major events?

the ice ages and the rise of humans

the rise of reptiles and flowering plants

the rise of mammals and swimming mammals

the rise of dinosaurs and other reptiles

Which statement BEST describes one rule for determining the relative age of a rock layer?

A fault is always younger than the rock it cuts through.

An extrusion is always older than the rocks below it.

An index fossil is always younger than the rock layer it occurs in.

An intrusion is always older than the rock layers around it.

Earth's History

Quiz

•

Science

•

5th - 12th Grade

•

Practice Problem

•

Hard

•

NGSS

MS-ESS1-4, MS-LS4-1, MS-LS4-2

+6

Standards-aligned

Charles Martinez

FREE Resource

48 questions

Show all answers

1.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

One of the units of geologic time into which geologists divide eras.

period

amphibian

reptile

mammal

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

2.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

When many types of living things become extinct at the same time.

geological time scale

mass extinction

relative age

absolute age

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

3.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A gap in the geologic record that shows where rock layers have been lost due to erosion.

unconformity

geological time scale

law of superposition

absolute age

4.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The process of determining the age of an object using the half-life of one or more radioactive isotopes.

geological time scale

relative age

radioactive decay

radioactive dating

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-8

5.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth's history.

geological time scale

radioactive dating

absolute age

relative age

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

6.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

A vertebrate whose body temperature is regulated by its internal heat, and that has skin covered with hair or fur and glands that produce milk to feed its young.

mammal

amphibian

reptile

invertebrate

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

7.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

An animal without a backbone.

invertebrate

vertebrate

mammal

reptile

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Earth's History

48 questions

One of the units of geologic time into which geologists divide eras.

When many types of living things become extinct at the same time.

A gap in the geologic record that shows where rock layers have been lost due to erosion.

The process of determining the age of an object using the half-life of one or more radioactive isotopes.

A record of the geologic events and life forms in Earth's history.

A vertebrate whose body temperature is regulated by its internal heat, and that has skin covered with hair or fur and glands that produce milk to feed its young.

An animal without a backbone.

A vertebrate whose body temperature is determined by the temperature of its environment, and that lives its early life in water and its adult life on land.

A vertebrate whose temperature is determined by the temperature of its environment, that has lungs and scaly skin, and that lays eggs on land.

One of three long units of geologic time between the Precambrian and the present.

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