Unit 7: Age of Exploration

Why did Europeans seek alternative trade routes during the 15th century?

• High inflation of costs from Muslim merchants

• Poor quality of Asian goods

• Lack of interest in Asian products

• Limited availability of ships

Mercantilism as an economic system was based on the idea that:

• Free trade between nations creates the most wealth and power

• A nation's wealth and power depends on unlimited exports without regulation

• A nation's wealth and power are measured by its gold and silver and strict government regulation of trade

• A nation's economic strength comes from establishing free trade agreements and minimizing government intervention in markets

Looking at the exploration maps of Portuguese explorers and Christopher Columbus, why did Europeans seek new trade routes instead of using the traditional Silk Roads?

• The Silk Roads had fallen into disrepair

• Muslim control of existing trade routes

• The old routes were too long and inefficient

• Asian merchants refused to use the Silk Roads

Which technological innovations were crucial for explorers like Prince Henry the Navigator, Vasco da Gama, and Christopher Columbus?

• Magnetic compass and astrolabe

• Steam engine and sextant

• Telescope and chronometer

• Maps and sundial

How did the Ottoman Empire maintain its military strength?

• By developing an advanced military academy system that trained soldiers from noble families in sophisticated warfare techniques

• Through voluntary military service

• By taking Christian boys and training them as elite soldiers (Janissaries)

• By creating a decentralized military structure where local governors maintained their own professional standing armies

What was the dominant religion of the Ottoman Empire?

• Christianity

• Islam

• Judaism

• Zoroastrianism

After conquering the Byzantine Empire, what did the Ottomans rename Constantinople?

• Byzantium

• New Rome

• Istanbul

• Ankara

Which of the following had the greatest impact on the Americas as a result of European conquest?

• Introduction of new livestock such as horses and cattle

• Spread of Christianity and European culture

• Transmission of diseases like smallpox and measles

• Establishment of European colonies and governments

Why did the Aztecs practice human sacrifice?

• To intimidate rival civilizations and expand their empire

• To honor their gods and ensure the continuation of the world

• To decrease the population and control social classes

• To punish criminals and enforce laws

Which of the following is a major similarity between the Inca and Aztec civilizations?

• Both were powerful empires that took over neighboring communities

• Both relied on democracy to elect their leaders

• Both peacefully coexisted with neighboring civilizations

• Both had economies based entirely on trade with Europe