Matter and the Periodic Table

Which of the following includes an example of a chemical property of an element?

• Aluminum is a solid at room temperature and is a poor thermal insulator.

• Sulfur is not shiny and is not malleable.

• Sodium is a solid at room temperature and reacts with other elements.

• Silicon is shiny and is a poor conductor of electricity.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Elements in a group of the periodic table are described above.

These elements most likely belong to which group?

• Alkali metals

• Alkaline earth metals

• Halogens

• Noble gases

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The table above shows some properties of a sample of lauric acid.

Which of these is an intensive property of this sample?

• Volume

• Mass

• Boiling point

• Number of moles

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Some students used a variety of procedures to investigate four liquid samples. The students recorded the following information.

When Sample W was cooled, solid particles settled out of the liquid.

The mass and volume of Sample X were measured, and the density of Sample X was calculated to be 1.6 g/mL.

Sample Y was heated, and the temperature was recorded. All the liquid boiled away at the same temperature and left no residue in the container.

When a dilute acid was added to Sample Z, gas bubbles formed and rapidly rose to the surface of the liquid.

Based on these observations, which sample was clearly identifiable as a pure substance?

• Sample W

• Sample X

• Sample Y

• Sample Z

The following table lists some properties of copper and sulfur.

Samples of copper metal and sulfur powder are placed in the same test tube and heated over a Busen burner. The resulting substance has the following properties.

1) Does not conduct electricity

2) Has a density of 5.6 g/cm³

3) Has a metallic luster

4) Is a black brittle crystalline solid

This black substance is classified as -

• a heterogeneous mixture

• an element

• a compound

• a homogeneous mixture

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NGSS.MS-PS1-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

Which of these statements is an accurate description of the ionization energies of elements in the periodic table?

• The ionization energy of lithium is greater than that of potassium.

• The ionization energy of iodine is greater than that of fluorine.

• The ionization energy of magnesium is greater than that of sulfur.

• The ionization energy of krypton is greater than that of neon.

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

The diagram above shows a battery giving off a current producing bubbles in two test tubes.

Which of the following best shows that the investigation results in a chemical change?

• Liquid condenses on a cold glass rod when gas from the test tube on the left is released.

• A gas probe indicates that the water in the beaker contains dissolved nitrogen and oxygen.

• A burning wood splint placed above the mouth of the test tube on the right glows brighter when some gas is released from the test tube.

• The temperature of the wire connected to the battery increases.

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NGSS.MS-PS1-2

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

The diagram above shows part of Dmitri Mendeleev's original periodic table, with symbols of known elements and their atomic masses.

Mendeleev's arrangement of elements is different than that of the modern periodic table. Based on Mendeleev's arrangement, which elements should be placed in the shaded boxes labeled X and Z respectively?

• Indium (In), because it has a slightly higher atomic mass than aluminum (Al), and tin (Sn), because it has a slightly higher atomic mass than silicon (Si)

• Cadmium (Cd), because it has chemical properties similar to those of Zinc (Zn), and mercury (Hg), because it has chemical properties similar to those of arsenic

• Antimony (Sb), because it has a slightly higher atomic mass than zinc (Zn), and bismuth (Bi), because it also has a higher atomic mass than zinc (Zn)

• Gallium (Ga), because it has chemical properties similar to those of aluminum (Al), and germanium (Ge), because it has chemical properties similar to those of silicon (Si)

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

Sodium, mercury, argon, and neon are used in the production of lamps. There are fewer safety guidelines regarding the handling of neon and argon than for mercury and sodium. Which of the following best describes the elements within the group of the periodic table that contains neon and argon gas?

• Gaseous at room temperature and highly reactive with metals

• Solid at room temperature and mildly reactive with strong acids

• Gaseous at room temperature and mostly unreactive with metals

• Solid at room temperature and mostly unreactive with strong acids

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NGSS.HS-PS1-1

X-ray crystallography is a technique that allows scientists to determine the ionic an atomic radii of elements. Which of these statements correctly describes a trend in ionic or atomic radii in the periodic table?

• The ionic radius decreases from top to bottom in a group.

• The atomic radius increases from left to right across a period.

• The ionic radius remains constant from right to left across a period.

• The atomic radius increases from top to bottom in a group.