AP Bio Insta-Review Topic 1.4*: Properties of Bio Macromolecules

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Answer explanation

Nucleotides are composed of:

› pentose sugar

› nitrogenous base

› phosphate group

What are the components of an amino acid?

Answer explanation

Amino acids are composed of:

› central carbon

› carboxyl group

› amine group

› hydrogen

› variable (R) group

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

If R group is polar, how does the section fold? Why?

• Folds in because hydrophilic

• Folds out because hydrophilic

• Folds in because hydrophobic

• Folds out because hydrophobic

Answer explanation

The exterior environment is polar as organisms have aqueous environments. Polar and charged R groups fold towards the exterior environment which nonpolar R groups fold toward the interior to “hide” from the polar region outside.

What level of structure does the R group interact effect?

• Primary

• Secondary

• Tertiary

• Quaternary

Answer explanation

Tertiary structure is the three -dimensional structure of the polypeptide. This involves the R groups interacting which provides that shape. Any bond is available in the tertiary structure to form but occurs between the R groups.

Which lipid makes up the plasma membrane?

• Fats

• Phospholipids

• Steroids

Answer explanation

The plasma membrane or lipid bilayer is made up of two layers of phospholipids. They orient so the phosphate heads face the intracellular and extracellular regions while the fatty acids tails face the interior of the membrane.

How do phospholipids associate to form a membrane?

Answer explanation

Phospholipids associate with the phosphate group facing the aqueous intercellular and extracellular regions of the cell and the fatty acid tails on the interior of the membrane. It forms a BI-layer so there are two layers of the phospholipids. The fatty acids face one another while the phosphate heads are facing out.

What is the function of cellulose?

• Storage carbohydrate for animals

• Storage carbohydrate for plants

• Structural carbohydrate for animals

• Structural carbohydrate for plants

Answer explanation

Cellulose is the polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants. This provides structural support for the plant cells.

What type of fatty acid has double bonds to inhibit compression?

• Saturated

• Unsaturated

Answer explanation

Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond. I always say that the carbons are not saturated with hydrogens. Traditionally in a saturated fatty acid, each carbon has 2 hydrogens, but an unsaturated fatty acid has 1.

Which of the following is the monomer of carbohydrates?

• Amino Acid

• Fatty Acid

• Monosaccharide

• Nucleotide

Answer explanation

Monosaccharides binds together to form polysaccharides which are carbohydrates.

An example of a monosaccharide is glucose, galactose, or fructose.

Which of the following is the monomer of proteins?

• Amino Acid

• Fatty Acid

• Monosaccharide

• Nucleotide

Answer explanation

Amino acids bind together to form a polypeptide which are proteins.

An example of an amino acid is methionine, tyrosine, or alanine.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6