Unit 7 Review

Secularism, humanism, naturalism, and classicism are the defining characteristics of which European time period?

• Middle Ages

• Renaissance

• Age of Revolutions

• Romantic Era

Answer explanation

The Renaissance marked a revival of classical learning and values, emphasizing secularism, humanism, naturalism, and classicism, distinguishing it from the religious focus of the Middle Ages.

All of the following are major reasons for European exploration and expansion from 1450 to 1750 EXCEPT _____________.

• advanced technology in armaments and naval shipbuilding

• need for raw materials and markets for finished products

• desire to spread democracy and capitalism around the world

• need to find better land and sea trade routes around the world

Answer explanation

The desire to spread democracy and capitalism was not a major reason for European exploration from 1450 to 1750. Instead, motivations included technology, raw materials, and trade routes.

What were the major causes of the Scientific Revolution? Select TWO correct answers.

• A rediscovery of classical texts led to questions about the use of the Bible.

• Exploration and voyages brought new information from around the world.

• The invention of instruments, like the telescope and the microscope, aided scientific discoveries.

• Renaissance thinkers relied on the prophets to write new classical texts.

• Raw materials and colonialism led to the development of capitalism and free trade.

Answer explanation

Exploration and voyages expanded knowledge by introducing new information from different cultures. Additionally, the invention of instruments like the telescope and microscope significantly advanced scientific discoveries during the Scientific Revolution.

What were the major causes of the Scientific Revolution? Select TWO correct answers.

• The writings of Washington and Monroe

• The writings of Plato and Archimedes

• The use of mathematics to explain nature

• The discovery of gravitational forces

• The use of hieroglyphics to explain nature

Answer explanation

The writings of Plato and Archimedes laid foundational ideas for scientific thought, while the use of mathematics provided a systematic way to explain natural phenomena, both crucial to the Scientific Revolution.

All of the following are reasons why the Scientific Revolution occurred in Europe EXCEPT _______________.

• human scholarship begun in the Renaissance

• the closer role of craftsmen and scholars

• materials brought from newly-explored lands

• religious promotion of new medicines/discoveries

Answer explanation

The Scientific Revolution was driven by human scholarship from the Renaissance, collaboration between craftsmen and scholars, and new materials from explorations. However, religious promotion of new medicines was not a significant factor.

Complete the following sentence. __________ scholars helped contribute to the European Renaissance because they preserved and translated the classical texts of the __________ and Romans.

(a)  

Answer explanation

Islamic scholars played a crucial role in the European Renaissance by preserving and translating classical texts from the Greeks and Romans, thus facilitating the revival of ancient knowledge in Europe.

The illustrations show the two views of the solar system. What illustration shows the heliocentric view of the universe published in Nicolaus Copernicus' book titled "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"? Select the correct answer.

• Left illustration

• Right illustration

Answer explanation

The right illustration depicts the heliocentric view, where the Sun is at the center of the solar system, as described in Copernicus' "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres." The left illustration represents the geocentric view.

How did popes and powerful families impact the creation of Renaissance art?

• through political support of artists

• through financial patronage of artists

• through international trade in sculpture

• through innovative education in technique

Answer explanation

Popes and powerful families significantly influenced Renaissance art by providing financial patronage to artists. This support allowed artists to focus on their work, leading to the creation of iconic masterpieces during this period.

Identify THREE artists who were patronized by the Catholic Church during the Renaissance.

• Botticelli

• Michelangelo

• Picasso

• Raphael

• Leonardo da Vinci

Answer explanation

During the Renaissance, the Catholic Church commissioned works from prominent artists. Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci created significant religious art, while Botticelli and Picasso were not primarily supported by the Church.

Why did Martin Luther attack the Catholic Church in his Ninety-Five Theses? Select TWO correct answers.

• the belief that the papacy in Germany should be overthrown

• the belief that the Catholic Church was abusing the sale of indulgences

• the belief that Church and state must be completely separate

• the belief that public support would help overturn the decision of his excommunication

• the belief that salvation could be achieved by faith alone

Answer explanation

Martin Luther attacked the Catholic Church in his Ninety-Five Theses primarily because he believed the Church was abusing the sale of indulgences and that salvation could be achieved by faith alone.