The Enlightenment

Which statement best describes the beliefs of the Enlightenment thinkers?

• They had faith that absolute monarchs would govern wisely and fairly.

• They believed that science and reason could improve people’s lives.

• They believed religion alone could answer all questions about life.

• They believed that the ancient Greeks and Romans knew all there was to know.

Which groups played the greatest role in the Enlightenment?

• Peasants and farmers

• Soldiers and military leaders

• Scientists and philosophers

• Explorers and adventurers

In which part of the world did the Enlightenment begin?

• Europe

• Asia

• The United States

• South America

Which of the following best describes Isaac Newton?

• Influential scientist

• Father of democracy

• Friend of the poor peasants

• Leader of religious thought

Newton’s theory of gravity draws what conclusion?

• People descended from apes.

• A natural force pulls objects toward Earth.

• The monarch does not rule by divine right.

• Eating at least one apple each day promotes good health.

Why is René Descartes known as the “father of modern philosophy”?

• He wrote a new constitution for his country.

• He plotted to overthrow the monarch.

• He used reason to ask questions and find truths.

• He discovered medicines that improved health.

Descartes encouraged people to doubt everything except

• The word of the Church.

• A monarch’s right to rule.

• Their own existence.

• The law.

Which of the following ideas is associated with Thomas Hobbes?

• I think, therefore I am.

• Tabula rasa

• Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

• The need for a strong government

Which statement best describes Thomas Hobbes’s conclusions about human nature?

• People are naturally selfish and greedy.

• Given the choice, people will help one another.

• People in a society are naturally peaceful.

• Given the choice, people will help only family members.

Which type of government did Thomas Hobbes support?

• An absolute monarchy

• A monarch whose power is limited by a parliament

• Democracy with government officials elected by the people

• No government