Biology Final Exam Review – Semester 2

In a tropical ecosystem, small fish clean parasites off larger fish. The smaller fish get food, and the larger fish stay healthy.

• Commensalism; unstable ecosystem

• Parasitism; reduced biodiversity

• Mutualism; stable ecosystem

• Predation; increased population control

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Which part of a flower must interact with pollinators to successfully transfer male gametes?

• Stigma

• Ovule

• Petal

• Anther

In a food chain, if 1,000 J of energy starts at the grass level and passes through insects to birds, what is the expected energy available to a fox eating the bird?

• 1 J

• 10 J

• 100 J

• 0.1 J

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How do the stem and roots work together in transporting water throughout a plant?

• Roots push sugar into the phloem, which sends water to the stem.

• Roots absorb water, and xylem moves it up the stem to the leaves.

• Stomata in the stem absorb water from the air and send it to the roots.

• Chloroplasts in the stem generate pressure to pull water from the soil.

How do the digestive and circulatory systems work together to deliver nutrients to the body?

• Enzymes from the blood help break down food in the stomach.

• Oxygen is absorbed with nutrients in the small intestine.

• Nutrients are absorbed by the intestines and enter the bloodstream.

• Waste is filtered through the intestines before reaching the heart.

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What impact does this have on ecosystems?

• It increases plant growth due to more CO₂.

• It leads to ocean acidification and loss of biodiversity.

• It balances the carbon input from animal respiration.

• It supports more stable food chains.

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Which system allows plants to respond to internal signals like leaf drop or fruit ripening?

• Transport by chloroplasts

• Movement by guard cells

• Signaling by hormones

• Regulation by phloem tubes

Why does commensalism contribute to ecosystem balance?

• It reduces competition between species.

• One organism benefits, and the other is not affected.

• It increases genetic diversity.

• It allows all organisms to benefit equally.

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If the frog population in a food web decreases, what might happen next?

• Insect populations increase

• Snake biomass increases

• Plant biomass decreases

• Owl biomass increases

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What is a likely effect of an introduced predator species that competes with native ones?

• Greater balance in food webs

• Disruption and reduced biodiversity

• Higher genetic variation

• Improved soil nutrient levels

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