DNA vs RNA, Protein Synthesis

This chart shows which amino acids are produced from different combinations of mRNA.

What is the correct sequence of amino acids produced from a segment of mRNA described by AUG CUA GUG AAA?

• Methionine-Leucine-Valine-Lysine

• Methionine-Isoleucine-Lysine-Tyrosine

• Methionine-Leucine-Alanine-Aspartate

• Methionine-Leucine-Methionine-Histidine

A segment of mRNA has the base sequence UGU CAA ACU CGA. What is the base sequence of the original DNA segment?

• ACA GUU UGA GCU

• TCT GUU UGA GCU

• ACA GTT TGA GCT

• GAG TCC CTG TAC

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Thirty percent of a particular DNA strand is made of adenine. During transcription, a new mRNA molecule is made from this DNA strand. Which is most correct about the mRNA molecule produced?

• 50% is cytosine

• 40% is guanine

• 30% is thymine

• 30% is uracil

Which most accurately describes the process of protein synthesis?

• mRNA --> DNA --> tRNA --> protein

• DNA --> mRNA --> tRNA --> protein

• translation --> transcription --> DNA --> protein

• translation --> transcription --> protein --> DNA

How does DNA help to form proteins?

• It creates proteins using nucleotides.

• It forms the bonds between amino acids.

• It creates reactants for proteins to be made.

• It gives instructions for the amino acid sequence.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A chemical is applied to cells which prevents the formation of RNA. A disruption of this process would most likely have a direct impact on which other process within the cell?

• ATP production

• photosynthesis

• DNA replication

• protein synthesis

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

What type of mutation results when a single nucleotide is exchanged for a different nucleotide?

• deletion

• addition

• substitution

• translocation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which characteristic can best distinguish between two different proteins?

• the presence of nitrogen in the proteins

• the sequence of amino acids in the proteins

• the number of amino acids found in the proteins

• the location of the peptide bonds in the proteins

In a DNA molecule, the bonds between the nitrogenous bases are much weaker than the bonds joining the phosphate groups to the sugars. Why is this significant to the DNA molecule?

• The strength of the bonds determine the type of DNA produced during the process of replication.

• This difference in bonding allows the bases to break away from the

  phosphate-sugar side chains.

• The bonds between the sugars and phosphate maintain the DNA

  strand while the base bonds break during replication.

• The bonds between the phosphates and the sugars are unbreakable ionic bonds, while the base-to-base bonds are covalent.

Which trait distinguishes DNA from RNA?

• DNA contains uracil, while RNA contains thymine.

• DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA contains ribose.

• DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded.

• DNA converts glucose to ATP, while RNA directs protein synthesis.