Sedimentary Rocks

Which statement best describes the processes of weathering and erosion?

• Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the breakdown of any type of rock into smaller particles and the carrying away of the loose sediments.

• Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for depositing loose sediments on the bottom of the ocean, forming layers of sediment.

• Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the amount of water in a river that transports sediments to the sea.

• Weathering and erosion are directly responsible for the transportation, deposition and compaction of loose sediments on the seafloor.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which diagram models the process of compaction leading to the formation of Sedimentary Rock?

• F

• G

• H

• J

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

Erosion is one of the processes involved in the formation of Sedimentary Rock. Which of these best describes the process of erosion?

• Rocks are broken into smaller pieces that remain in the same location.

• Pressure compacts layers of sediment and turns them into rock.

• Pieces of rock or soil are carried from one place to another.

• Sediment grains fall to the bottom of a lake to form Sedimentary Rock.

Some students make a model to show one of the first steps in the formation of sedimentary rock. The students pour 2 centimeters of light-colored sand into a clear plastic box. Then they add 1 centimeter of gravel. Finally they pour 2 centimeters of dark-colored sand on top of the gravel. Which characteristic of sedimentary rock does this model best show?

• Sedimentary rock is made of layers.

• Sedimentary rock is cemented bits of rock.

• Sedimentary rock is often limestone.

• Sedimentary rock is common in Texas.

The model below shows layers of sediment on the floor of an ocean. Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years?

• Sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock.

• The weight of the water compacts the sediment into rock.

• Changing water temperatures turn sand in the sediment into rock.

• Pollution caused by humans turns the sediment into rock.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

The diagram below shows the sequence of the processes that turn solid rock into sandstone. Which two processes best complete this diagram?

• Melting and cooling

• Erosion and compaction

• Compaction and cementation

• Evaporation and dissolving

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Sedimentary rocks form when broken bits of other rock are deposited and then –

• buried and squeezed and cemented together.

• melted by the heat of the Earth’s core.

• completely dissolved in salt water in the ocean.

• used by humans as a natural resource.

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

In addition to long periods of time, all of the following are necessary for the formation of sedimentary rock EXCEPT –

• extreme heat.

• organic matter.

• various sediment.

• intense pressure.

Several layers of sedimentary rock are illustrated. They are in the same order as when they first formed. Which layer formed first?

• Rock Layer W

• Rock Layer X

• Rock Layer Y

• Rock Layer Z

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

Which of the following is a process that creates the sediments that form sedimentary rock?

• Wind, water, and ice breaking rock into smaller pieces

• Heat from the earth melting rock below the surface

• Volcanoes putting out lava that cools to form new rock

• Continents pushing together to fold layers of rock

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-1