Energy Concepts

Matter in motion has energy.

• Heat flow

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

• First Law of Thermodynamics

• Second Law of Thermodynamics

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Energy is transferred from one object to another as the result of a temperature difference.

• Heat flow

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

• First law of thermodynamics

• Second law of thermodynamics

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An energy transformation occurs and results in increased disorder.

• Heat flow

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

• First law of thermodynamics

• Second law of thermodynamics

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The amount of energy in an isolated system stays constant.

• Heat flow

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

• First law of thermodynamics

• Second law of thermodynamics

The maximum efficiency possible in an energy conversion process that is not limited by the second law of thermodynamics.

• 100%

• 95%

• 30%

• 15%

• 1%

When X joules of nuclear energy is used to produce Y joules of electrical energy, which of the following is true?

• In every case, X > Y

• In every case, X = Y

• In every case, X < Y

• Either X < Y or X > Y, depending on the efficiency of the generator

• Either X < Y or X > Y, depending on the amount of heat produced

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If an incandescent light bulb used for lighting has an efficiency rating of 5 percent, then for every 1.00 joule of electrical energy consumed by the bulb, which of the following is produced?

• 1.05 joules of light energy

• 1.05 joules of heat energy

• 0.95 joule of light energy

• 0.05 joule of light energy

• 0.05 joule of heat energy

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A home uses ten 100-watt lightbulbs for five hours per day. Approximately how many kilowatt-hours of electrical energy are consumed in one year by using the lightbulbs?

• 365

• 1,825

• 5,000

• 10,500

• 365,000

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Which of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

• Energy always changes from a more useful, more concentrated form to a less useful, less concentrated form.

• In a closed system of constant mass, the energy involved in any physical or chemical change is neither created nor destroyed, but merely changes from one form to another.

• Heat always flows from a hot body to a cold body.

• Entropy of a system increases as the state of disorganization in the system increases.

• In a reversible process, the entropy of the system is constant, whereas in an irreversible process, the entropy of the system increases.

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A sustainable society would emphasize

• Maintaining the current rates of energy flow and resource use

• Converting the world’s high-quality energy resources to low-quality heat

• Recycling both matter and high-quality energy

• Using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter

• Quickly expanding nuclear power, because it is a renewable resource

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