Biology Keystone Module A

A scientist observes a single-celled organism with several long, whip-like tails. Which function do the whip-like tails most likely perform for the organism?

• defense against predators

• movement through an environment

• detection of the location of a light source

• measurement of atmospheric temperature changes

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Trees are typically able to transport water from their roots to their stems and leaves. Which statement describes the property of water that most supports the transportation of water to all parts of a tree?

• Water forms a crystalline structure when it freezes.

• Water dissolves fewer substances than any other liquid.

• Water has strong attractions to itself and many other molecules.

• Water can absorb large amounts of energy with minimal temperature changes.

Which process best describes the assembly of proteins from amino acids?

• Atoms are linked to form a compound.

• Monomers are linked to form a polymer.

• Atoms are added to a monomer until it becomes a polymer.

• Molecules are added to a compound until it becomes a monomer.

Which biological molecules are most likely represented by molecules 1 and 2?

• molecule 1: lipid

  molecule 2: nucleic acid

• molecule 1: lipid

  molecule 2: protein

• molecule 1: carbohydrate

  molecule 2: nucleic acid

• molecule 1: carbohydrate

  molecule 2: protein

Which statement best describes a relationship between enzymes and a simple biological reaction?

• Enzymes will increase the amount of substrate formed during a biological reaction.

• Enzymes will decrease the amount of substrate formed during a biological reaction.

• A reaction rate can be increased when the specific enzyme for a biological reaction is present.

• A reaction rate can be decreased when multiple enzymes for a biological reaction are present.

Microbes in the digestive system break down food, which allows nutrients to be absorbed by the body's cells. How will these body cells most likely be affected in an individual suffers from a high fever?

• The body cells will swell because an increase in temperature promotes greater water absorption.

• The body cells will stop absorbing nutrients because the heat melts the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane.

• The body cells will shrivel because the heat eliminates the chemical gradients on either side of the plasma membrane.

• The body cells will bring in fewer nutrient molecules because the transport proteins lose their proper shape due to the high temperature.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-3

Four students classified the main energy conversions that occur during photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Which student best classified the energy conversions that occur in the two processes.

• Student 1

• Student 2

• Student 3

• Student 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction the number of ATP molecules was reduced. What did the scientist most likely learn from the observation?

• The reaction produced water.

• The reaction consumed water.

• The reaction caused an output of energy.

• The reaction required an input of energy.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Which of the following is most involved in providing structure for a plasma membrane?

• the number of protein channels embedded in the membrane

• the types of carbohydrates attached to proteins on the surface

• the types of proteins that are attached to the surface of the membrane

• the arrangement of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends of the phospholipids

What cell process is best modeled by the diagram?

• osmosis

• exocytosis

• passive transport

• facilitated diffusion