Biology Keystone Module A

Once the energy in an ATP molecule is released, how does the cell most often reuse the ADP molecule that remains?

• It is reused for long-term energy storage.
• It is recombined with phosphates for reuse.
• It is broken down further in a lysosome for reuse.
• It is reused as a component of a nucleotide in RNA.

Which of these properties of water enables fish to survive in ponds and lakes throughout winter?

• strong adhesion
• high surface tension
• strong capillary action
• low density in its solid state

Tags

NGSS.HS-ESS2-5

Cellulase is an enzyme some organisms use to digest cellulose, which is present in plant cell walls.  Which statement best describes the role of cellulase in this reaction?

• It increases the time it takes the reaction to occur.
• It changes the pH of cells in which the reaction occurs.
  It raises the temperature at which the reaction can occur.
• It raises the temperature at which the reaction can occur.
• It reduces the amount of energy needed to start the reaction.

Which of these is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

• the manufacture of proteins by embedded ribosomes
• the identification of lipids to be digested by lysosomes
• the modification and routing of proteins to their destination
• the temporary storage of lipids that will be sent outside the cell

Which statement correctly describes osmosis?

• It uses energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane.
• It uses carrier proteins to move molecules across the plasma membrane.
• It moves water from where it is in higher concentration toward a lower concentration.
• It moves solutes from a more concentrated solution into a less concentrated solution.

Which of these shows levels of organization in the human body in increasing order of complexity?

• cardiac muscle cells  cardiac tissue   heart (organ)  circulatory system
• cardiac tissue  cardiac muscle cells   heart(organ)  circulatory system
• cardiac muscle cells  circulatory system  cardiac tissue  heart(organ)
• heart(organ)  cardiac muscle cells   circulatory system   cardiac tissue

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-2

Which statement describes a process that occurs in mitochondria?

• Energy is stored in glucose molecules.
• Energy is released from glucose molecules.
• Chemical energy is transformed into light energy.
• Light energy is transformed into chemical energy.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Why is a plasma membrane described as "selectively permeable"?

• It only allows water to pass into or out of a cell.
• It allows substances to pass into but not out of a cell.
• It allows substances to pass out of but not into a cell.
• It only allows certain substances to pass into or out of a cell.

In the human digestive system, the enzyme pepsin is present in acidic areas, while the enzyme trypsin is present in less acidic areas.  Which of these statements most likely describes a difference in how they function?

• Pepsin functions optimally at a lower pH level that trypsin.
• Trypsin functions optimally at a lower pH level than pepsin.
• Pepsin functions optimally at a lower temperature than trypsin.
• Trypsin functions optimally at a higher temperature than pepsin.

How do a carbon atom's available electrons allow it to form biological macromolecules?

• Carbon can bond with most elements except itself.
• Carbon can bond with a few other elements and itself.
• A carbon atom can form bonds with up to six other atoms.
• A carbon atom can form bonds with up to four other atoms.