Quiz about Earth Science Review Unit

Question 1

The five characteristics that all minerals share are:

Accepted Answer

Definite Chemical Composition,  Crystal Structure, Inorganic, Naturally Occurring, and Solid

Answer

Definite Chemical Composition, Color, Density, Igneous, and Solid

Answer

Cleavage, Faces, Hardness, Metamorphic, and Streak

Answer

Cleavage, Crystal Structure, Density, Igneous, and Solid

Question 2

Means that the substance must occur in nature, it cannot be created or manufactured by people

Accepted Answer

Naturally Occurring

Answer

Inorganic

Answer

Organic

Answer

Not Living

Question 3

Means that a mineral cannot come from something that was once living.

Accepted Answer

Inorganic

Answer

Organic

Answer

Naturally Occurring

Answer

Not Living

Question 4

This has a definite volume and shape, its particles are tightly packed together and cannot move easily.

Accepted Answer

Density

Answer

Chemical Composition

Answer

Crystal Structure

Answer

Streak

Question 5

This means the particles that make a mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again.

Accepted Answer

Crystal Structure

Answer

Chemical Composition

Answer

Fracture

Answer

Solid

Question 6

Definite ___________ means that a mineral always contains certain elements in definite, or exact, proportions.

Accepted Answer

Chemical Composition

Answer

Crystal Structure

Answer

Crystal System

Answer

Naturally Occurring

Question 7

This is measured on  the Mohs Scale.

Accepted Answer

Hardness

Answer

Cleavage

Answer

Density

Answer

Luster

Question 8

The _________ of a mineral is a physical property that is easy to observe.

Accepted Answer

Color

Answer

Chemical Composition

Answer

Hardness

Answer

Streak

Question 9

_______ is found by rubbing the mineral against an unglazed tile called a plate.

Accepted Answer

Streak

Answer

Cleavage

Answer

Color

Answer

Luster

Question 10

This is how a mineral reflects light.

Accepted Answer

Luster

Answer

Cleavage

Answer

Density

Answer

Hardness

Question 11

________ is the mass per unit volume.

Accepted Answer

Density

Answer

Crystal Structure

Answer

Hardness

Answer

Solid

Question 12

_______ is a property that describes a mineral  that splits evenly along flat surfaces.

Accepted Answer

Cleavage

Answer

Fracture

Answer

Inorganic

Answer

Organic

Question 13

This describes how a mineral looks if it breaks in an irregular way.

Accepted Answer

Fracture

Answer

Cleavage

Answer

Inorganic

Answer

Organic

Question 14

The three major rock groups are:

Accepted Answer

Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary

Answer

Inorganic, Metamorphic, and  Sedimentary

Answer

Inorganic, Metamorphosis, and Sediment

Answer

Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sediment

Question 15

This rock  is formed from molten rock (magma/lava) that has cooled.

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Inorganic

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Sedimentary

Question 16

This rock is formed from lava on  the earth's  surface

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Inorganic

Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Sedimentary

Question 17

This rock is formed by erosion (continuously broken down into small fragments) and  then is compressed and  cemented together.

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Inorganic

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 18

This rock is formed by extreme heat and/or pressure that alters the chemical composition into a new form of rock.

Accepted Answer

Metamorphic

Answer

Inorganic

Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Question 19

1. Rock sediments that travel down a mountain, sand being blown across the beach, and mud sliding down a hill are all examples of

Accepted Answer

erosion

Answer

pressing and cementing

Answer

part of the rock cycle

Answer

fossil formation

Question 20

The remains of living things that died long ago are often found in what type of rock?

Accepted Answer

sedimentary rock

Answer

igneous rocks

Answer

metamorphic rock

Answer

all rocks

Question 21

The cooled and hardened magma from volcanoes form what rocks?

Accepted Answer

igneous

Answer

sedimentary

Answer

metamorphic

Answer

fossils

Question 22

The property of hardness is being observed when Calcite has a hardness of 3.5 and Shale has a hardness of 6.2. According to the Moh's Scales of Hardness, which rock can scratch a rock that has a hardness of 5.4?

Accepted Answer

Shale

Answer

Calcite

Answer

neither rock

Answer

both rocks

Question 23

Hot, molten rock inside the earth is called ...

Accepted Answer

magma

Answer

lava

Answer

igneous rock

Answer

minerals

Question 24

Once magma reaches the earth's surface, it is called __________.

Accepted Answer

lava

Answer

a vent

Answer

minerals

Answer

igneous rocks

Question 25

Rocks that are buried deep in the earth can be changed into an entirely new rock when it goes through what?

Accepted Answer

heat and pressure

Answer

weathering and erosion

Answer

pressing and cementing

Answer

cooling and hardening

Question 26

A person who studies the properties of rocks to tell how the rocks may have been formed are ____________.

Accepted Answer

geologists

Answer

mineralists

Answer

rock stars

Answer

rockologists

Question 27

What is an igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

Rock that forms when melted, or molten rock from deep below Earth's surface cools and hardens.

Answer

A solid material made up of one or more minerals.

Answer

Rock that forms when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or chemicals beneath the Earth's surface.

Question 28

What is metamorphic rock?

Accepted Answer

Rock that forms when existing rocks are changed by heat, pressure, or chemicals beneath the Earth's surface.

Answer

Rock that forms when melted, or molten rock from deep below Earth's surface cools and hardens.

Answer

A solid material made up of one or more minerals.

Question 29

This rock cooled on the outside of a volcano and contained gas pockets when it was forming. What type of rock is this?

Accepted Answer

Igneous

Answer

Sedimentary

Answer

Metamorphic

Question 30

A slow cooling igneous rock will have _____ crystals

Accepted Answer

large

Answer

small

Answer

average

Answer

black

Question 31

Texture is based on:

Accepted Answer

size & shape of a rock's mineral grains

Answer

how/where a rock forms

Answer

the minerals a rock is made up of

Question 32

Which igneous rock is dark colored, cooled rapidly on Earth's surface, and is composed mainly of plagioclase feldspar, olivine, and pyroxene?

Accepted Answer

scoria

Answer

obsidian

Answer

rhyolite

Answer

gabbro

Question 33

The igneous rock is mostly composed of potassium feldpsar and quartz crystals that have an average grain size of 3 millimeters. The igneous rock is most likely

Accepted Answer

granite

Answer

pegmatite

Answer

gabbro

Answer

pumice

Question 34

What is the origin and rate of formation of this rock?

Accepted Answer

volcanic with rapid cooling

Answer

plutonic with slow cooling

Answer

plutonic with rapid cooling

Answer

volcanic with slow cooling

Question 35

Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and

contains the minerals potassium feldspar and quartz?

Accepted Answer

pumice

Answer

Andesite

Answer

pegmatite

Answer

scoria

Question 36

Which intrusive igneous rock could be composed of

approximately 60% pyroxene, 25% plagioclase

feldspar, 10% olivine, and 5% amphibole?

Accepted Answer

gabbro

Answer

granite

Answer

rhyolite

Answer

basalt

Question 37

Biotite mica and muscovite mica have different

chemical compositions. Compared to the magma

from which biotite mica forms, the magma from

which muscovite mica forms is usually

Accepted Answer

more felsic and less dense

Answer

more mafic and less dense

Answer

more mafic and more dense

Answer

more felsic and more dense

Question 38

Which geologic process convert shale to gneiss?

Accepted Answer

metamorphism

Answer

sedimentary layering

Answer

intrusion of magma

Answer

weathering

Question 39

Which rock was subjected to intense heat and

pressure but did not solidify from magma?

Accepted Answer

schist

Answer

sandstone

Answer

gabbro

Answer

rhyolite

Question 40

The photograph below shows the texture of a rock

composed of various minerals as seen through a

microscope. Which rock is most likely shown?

Accepted Answer

Schist

Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Anthracite Coal

Answer

Dunite

Question 41

The cross section below represents a portion of Earth's crust. Letters A through D are locations within

the rock units. Which location is quartzite most likely found?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

D

Question 42

Which rock is only formed by regional

metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

Slate

Answer

Hornfels

Answer

Dunite

Answer

Marble

Question 43

Wavy bands of light and dark minerals visible in

gneiss bedrock probably formed from the

Accepted Answer

heat and pressure during metamorphism

Answer

cementing together of individual mineral grains

Answer

cooling and crystallization of magma

Answer

evaporation of an ancient ocean

Question 44

Which two kinds of adjoining bedrock would most

likely have a zone of contact metamorphism

between them?

Accepted Answer

limestone and granite

Answer

Shale and conglomerate

Answer

shale and sandstone

Answer

limestone and sandstone

Question 45

Which sample best shows the physical properties

normally associated with regional metamorphism?

Accepted Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

C

Answer

D

Question 46

Which physical characteristic best describes the rock

phyllite?

Accepted Answer

foliated texture with microscopic mica

crystals

Answer

glassy texture with gas pockets

Answer

clastic texture with angular fragments

Answer

bioclastic texture with cemented shell

fragments

Question 47

During the Permian Period, sedimentary bedrock in

the Appalachian Region was subjected to high

temperature and pressure. Calcite deposits that had

existed in this environment would most likely have

formed

Accepted Answer

Marble

Answer

Schist

Answer

Gabbro

Answer

Gneiss

Question 48

How do the metamorphic rocks schist and quartzite

differ?

Accepted Answer

Schist is foliated and quartzite is not.

Answer

Quartzite contains the mineral quartz and schist

does not.

Answer

Quartzite forms from regional metamorphism

and schist does not.

Answer

Schist is organically formed and quartzite is

not.

Question 49

In the simple rock-cycle diagram, which processes would change the schist directly into a pile of sediments ?

Accepted Answer

uplift, weathering, and erosion of the schist

Answer

cementing of sediment grains followed by compaction

Answer

melting of the schist followed by cooling

Answer

heat and/or pressure applied to the schist

Question 50

Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, or

metamorphic based primarily on their

Accepted Answer

method of formation

Answer

Texture

Answer

Crystal or grain size

Answer

mineral composition

Question 51

A rock would be classified as metamorphic

because it shows

Accepted Answer

Distorted Banding

Answer

Organic Composition of Shells

Answer

Mixture of Minerals

Answer

Crystals from precipitation

Question 52

If a metamorphic rock bubbles when a drop of acid

is placed on its surface, the rock is most likely

Accepted Answer

Marble

Answer

Schist

Answer

Slate

Answer

Quartzite

Question 53

What is the rock name used to

represent the sedimentary rock that has a grain size of

0.006 to 0.2 centimeters?

Accepted Answer

Sandstone

Answer

Siltstone

Answer

Shale

Answer

Conglomerate

Question 54

Which mineral precipitates from oceans and forms

rock salt?

Accepted Answer

Halite

Answer

Quartz

Answer

Fluorite

Answer

Olivine

Question 55

Most rocks that form from fragmental rock particles

are classified as

Accepted Answer

Clastic Sedimentary

Answer

Extrusive Igneous

Answer

Intrusive Igneous

Answer

Chemical Sedimentary

Question 56

Most sandstone bedrock is composed of sediment

that was

Accepted Answer

Sorted by size and layered

Answer

Sorted by size and not layered

Answer

unsorted and not layered

Answer

unsorted and layered

Question 57

The diagram shows a test for which mineral property?

Accepted Answer

Hardness

Answer

Luster

Answer

Cleavage

Answer

Streak

Question 58

Which conclusion can be made based on the information in the chart?

Accepted Answer

Gypsum is harder than talc.

Answer

Quartz is harder than topaz.

Answer

Calcite is harder than apatite

Answer

Fluorite is harder than feldspar.

Question 59

Which of these can determine the size of grains in igneous rocks?

Accepted Answer

cooling rate of molten rock

Answer

amount of rare minerals

Answer

distance from a plate boundary

Answer

size of the volcano

Question 60

What property is shared by many gemstones, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and topaz?

Accepted Answer

extreme hardness

Answer

high specific gravity

Answer

carbon as the primary element

Answer

ductility

Question 61

Slate is a fairly common rock that can be used for roofing shingles. What property makes it most suitable for this use?

Accepted Answer

it can be split into thin, flat layers.

Answer

it feels soft and smooth.

Answer

it is hard and brittle.

Answer

it can occur in different colors.

Question 62

This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary Rock

Answer

Metamorphic Rock

Answer

Igneous Rock

Question 63

This rock was formed when magma cooled very slowly inside the Earth. What specific type of rock is it?

Accepted Answer

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Answer

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Answer

Foliated Metamorphic Rock

Answer

Clastic Sedimentary Rock

Question 64

This rock formed when lava cooled very quickly on Earth's surface. What specific type of rock is it?

Accepted Answer

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Answer

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Answer

Non-Foliated Metamorphic Rock

Answer

Biochemical Sedimentary Rock

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