Pathology Basics

Cell death is a sign of

• General response to cellular stress

• Irreversible cell injury

• Cellular adaptation

• Reversible cell injury

Irreversible cell injury includes

• Necrosis

• Cloudy swelling

• Hydropic swelling

• Fatty change

Type of necrosis present in tuberculosis

• Fat necrosis

• Coagulative necrosis

• Caseous necrosis

• Liquefactive necrosis

Regarding apoptosis, which of the following is FALSE?

• It is the responsible for programmed destruction of cells during embryogenesis.

• Occurs in pathologic atrophy in parenchymal organs after duct destruction.

• Associated with inflammation

• Cell death by cytotoxic T cells.

A 65-year-old man suffered a massive myocardial infarction that was complicated by shock and prolonged hypotension. On arrival in the emergency department he was found to have focal neurological signs in addition to features consistent with low-output cardiac failure. Despite the best efforts of the medical team he died the next day. At autopsy, the most likely change you would expect to see in a brain biopsy would be:

• Acute haemorrhagic change

• Coagulative necrosis

• Granulomatous change

• Lacunar infarct

• Liquefactive necrosis

A skin biopsy from an anorexic 16-year-old girl showed cellular atrophy. During atrophy

• The cell disappears

• Cellular organelles swell

• Cell size decreases

• Cell size increases

• Protein synthesis increases

Enzymatic fat necrosis is characteristic of

• Tuberculous peritonitis

• Pyogenic abscess

• Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis

• Moist gangrene

In hypoxic cell injury, cell swelling occurs because of increased intracellular

• lipid

• lipid

• glycogen

• lipofuscin

• water

The major mechanism of plasma membrane damage in ischaemia is

• . Reduced aerobic respiration

• Increased ca ions in the cytoplasm

• Increased intracellular accumulation of sodium

• Reduced intracellular pH

Influx of which of the following ions plays a major role in irreversible cell injury

• Potassium

• iron

• Sodium

• Calcium