Category 3 Earth and Space Science

(8.7A) A student draws the model shown below.
Which of these best compares the conditions at Location X and Location Y?

• It is day at Location X and night at Location Y
• It is winter at Location Y and summer at Location X
• There are more hours of daylight at Location X than at Location Y
• The moon is brighter when viewed from Location X than when viewed from Location Y

(8.7A) The diagram below shows four positions in Earth's orbit around the sun. 
The Northern Hemisphere experiences the beginning of spring when Earth is in-

• Position 1
• Position 2
• Position 3
• Position 4

(8.7A) Which of these locations on Earth experiences the least change in the number of daylight hours throughout the year?

• Equator
• North Pole
• Tropic of Cancer
• Tropic of Capricorn

(8.7A) Earth would not have seasons if it-

• no longer tilted on its axis
• stopped rotating on its axis
• took and additional month of orbit the sun
• revolved around the sun in the opposite direction.

(8.7B) The diagram below shows four phases of the moon as it revolves around Earth.
A student builds a model based on this diagram. The student uses foam balls to represent the moon and Earth and a flashlight to represent the sun. The student should shine the flashlight on the model of Earth from Position

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

(8.7B) Some students used records from the U.S. Naval Observatory to make the table below of the percent of the moon that was visible on each night in January 2011.
Based on this data, what part of the lunar cycle occurred between January 5 and Januray 7?

• Waxing crescent moon
• Waning crescent moon
• full moon
• new moon

(8.7B) A student keeps a record of the phases of the moon for one month. On the first night of the student's observations, the full moon is visible in the sky. After the full moon, which of these phases will the student observe next?

• Waxing crescent moon
• Waxing gibbous moon
• Waning crescent moon
• Waning gibbous moon

(8.7B) The diagram above shows the orbit of the moon around Earth. At which point in the moon's orbit will a person standing on Earth see a waxing crescent moon?

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• 2
• 3
• 4

(8.8A) A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is shown below.
Based on this diagram, which type of stars would belong to spectral class M and have the highest luminosity?

• Main-sequence stars
• Giants
• White dwarfs
• Supergiants

(8.8A) Four students are asked to describe a nebula and a star. Their responses are shown in the table. 
Which student described these two celestial bodies correctly?

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• 2
• 3
• 4