Laws of Thermal Dynamics

The 0th Law of Thermodynamics states

• Heat flows from hot to cold objects.

• The universe tends toward disorder

• Heat does not flow between objects with the same temperature

• Absolute zero is the temperature where particles stop moving

Thermal equilibrium is

• When substances that can exchange heat reach the same temperature.

• When one object is hotter than another

• When one object is colder than another

• When substances have equal amounts of internal energy

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Objects with higher temperatures have

• particles with higher average kinetic energy

• particles with lower average kinetic energy

• particles with no kinetic energy

• more thermal energy no matter what

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NGSS.HS-PS3-2

Thermal energy can change form and location, but cannot be created or destroyed is

• The 0th Law of Thermodynamics

• The 1st Law of Thermodynamics

• The 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

• The 3rd Law of Thermodynamics

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The 1st Law of Thermodynamics is most similar to

• The Law of Conservation of Momentum

• Newton's 3rd Law

• The Law of Universal Gravitation

• The Law of Conservation of Energy

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NGSS.HS-PS3-2

Heat always flows from _____ to _____

• more internal energy, less internal energy

• less internal energy, more internal energy

• lower temperatures, higher temperatures

• higher temperatures, lower temperatures

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Entropy states that a system tends towards (There are two correct answers, pick both of them)

• order

• disorder

• concentrated energy

• dispersed energy

What is the kinetic energy of all particles at absolute zero?

• 0 J

• 0 K

• Infinite energy

• Cannot be determined

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NGSS.HS-PS3-2

How much energy is necessary to melt 1 kg of ice?

• 3.34 x 10⁵ J

• 6.68 x 10⁵ J

• None, it just happens

• 1.67 x 10⁵ J

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

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