Water, Polarity, Solubility

Which property of water allows it to dissolve many substances, making it a universal solvent?

• High specific heat

• Polarity

• Low density in solid form

• High surface tension

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Explain why ice floats on water and how this property is beneficial to aquatic life.

• Ice is less dense than water, providing insulation for aquatic life in winter.

• Ice is more dense than water, providing a solid surface for aquatic life.

• Ice has a higher specific heat, maintaining temperature stability.

• Ice has a lower specific heat, causing it to melt quickly.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

How does the hydrogen bonding in water contribute to its high boiling point?

• Hydrogen bonds increase molecular weight.

• Hydrogen bonds require more energy to break.

• Hydrogen bonds decrease molecular weight.

• Hydrogen bonds require less energy to break.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Describe the process of solvation and how it affects the solubility of ionic compounds in water.

• Solvation involves the breaking of ionic bonds, which decreases solubility.

• Solvation involves the formation of hydrogen bonds, which decreases solubility.

• Solvation involves the interaction between water molecules and ions, which increases solubility.

• Solvation involves the interaction between water molecules and nonpolar molecules, which increases solubility.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Why does water have a high surface tension, and how does this property benefit living organisms?

• Water molecules form strong covalent bonds, allowing insects to walk on water.

• Water molecules form strong ionic bonds, allowing insects to walk on water.

• Water molecules form hydrogen bonds, creating a "skin" on the surface that supports small organisms.

• Water molecules form van der Waals forces, creating a "skin" on the surface that supports small organisms.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

How does temperature affect the solubility of gases in water, and what implications does this have for aquatic life?

• Higher temperatures increase gas solubility, leading to more oxygen for aquatic life.

• Higher temperatures decrease gas solubility, leading to less oxygen for aquatic life.

• Lower temperatures decrease gas solubility, leading to more oxygen for aquatic life.

• Lower temperatures increase gas solubility, leading to less oxygen for aquatic life.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

Explain how the polarity of water molecules affects the solubility of polar and nonpolar substances.

• Polar substances dissolve in water due to hydrogen bonding, while nonpolar substances do not.

• Nonpolar substances dissolve in water due to hydrogen bonding, while polar substances do not.

• Both polar and nonpolar substances dissolve equally in water.

• Neither polar nor nonpolar substances dissolve in water.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

How does the presence of solutes affect the boiling and freezing points of water?

• Solutes increase the boiling point and decrease the freezing point of water.

• Solutes decrease the boiling point and increase the freezing point of water.

• Solutes increase both the boiling and freezing points of water.

• Solutes decrease both the boiling and freezing points of water.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking

How does the structure of water contribute to its high specific heat capacity, and why is this important for the environment?

• The covalent bonds in water require more energy to break, stabilizing temperatures.

• The ionic bonds in water require more energy to break, stabilizing temperatures.

• The hydrogen bonds in water require more energy to break, stabilizing temperatures.

• The van der Waals forces in water require more energy to break, stabilizing temperatures.

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DOK Level 3: Strategic Thinking