H Marine Communities Vocabulary

A regulation of an internal environment with an ever changing external environment

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A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving is a ​ (a)   . Causes a system to change further in the same direction describes a ​ (b)   .

• negative feedback loop
• positive feedback loop

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a circular process in which a system's output serves as input to that same system

• feedback loop

• natural selection

• carrying capacity

• selective pressure

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Match the following

• zooplankton

• A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem

• keystone species

• A series of changes in the population sizes of organisms at different trophic levels in a food chain, occurring when predators at high trophic levels indirectly promote populations of organisms at low trophic levels by keeping species at intermediate trophic levels in check. Trophic cascades may become apparent when a top predator is eliminated from a system.

• phytoplankton

• Microscopic, free-floating, autotrophic organisms that function as producers in aquatic ecosystems

• trophic cascade

• A habitat in which the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean

• estuary

• small free-floating animals/consumers that form part of plankton

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Match the following

• selective pressure

• A state of balance

• equilibrium

• environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals and select against other characteristics

• biodiversity

• the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem

• biological fitness

• the ability of an individual to produce surviving, fertile offspring relative to that ability in other individuals in the population

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Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

• carrying capacity

• natural selection

• variation

• overproduction of offspring

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A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. NON-RANDOM

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Match the following

• overproduction of offspring

• a population can produce far more offspring than the environment can support

• adaptation

• principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time

• variation

• Any difference between individuals of the same species

• descent with modification

• A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Phenomenon in which individuals with adaptive genetic traits produce more living offspring than do individuals without such traits is ​ (a)  

• differential reproduction
• natural selection
• directional selection
• descent with modification

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The outcome of selective pressures that can alter the normal distribution of traits

• mode of selection

• trophic cascade

• evolutionary trade-offs

• biodiversity

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-5