Pulmonary System

Which of the following is/are true?

• The trachea is responsible for gas exchange

• The diaphragm contracts during exhalation

• The alveoli are tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs

• The lungs are part of the upper respiratory tract

The following are considered parts of the lower respiratory tract except:

• Trachea

• Bronchi

• Lungs

• Larynx

Which of the following best describes how the nasal cavity processes inhaled air?

• Mucous membranes and a rich supply of blood vessels warm and humidify the air, while cilia and hairs trap foreign particles

• The nasal cavity's thick cartilage walls filter the air, and its folds of tissue warm the air through friction

• The nasal cavity's smooth muscle tissue contracts to heat the air, and its bony structure traps particles

• The pharynx, located within the nasal cavity, uses cilia to trap particles and moisturize the air

What is the primary physical process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide move between the alveoli and the bloodstream?

• Filtration

• Osmosis

• Diffusion

• Active transport

I ensure that only gases passes through the trachea, what am I?

Which of the following best describes the role of the diaphragm and lungs during inhalation?

• The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward, causing the lungs to expand

• The diaphragm relaxes and moves downward, causing the lungs to contract

• The diaphragm contracts and moves downward, causing the lungs to expand

• The diaphragm contracts and moves upward, causing the lungs to expand

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of breathing in humans?

• Breathing is driven by the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, which change the volume of the chest cavity to create a pressure gradient that moves air in and out

• The lungs contract and expand on their own to create a pressure gradient that moves air in and out

• The diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax to increase the chest cavity's volume, causing air to rush in

• Air is actively pushed into the lungs during inhalation and passively pulled out during exhalation

Which of the following best describes the process of inhalation?

• When the diaphragm contracts, pressure in the lungs decreases, which becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure, causing air to be pulled in, hence causing inhalation

• When the diaphragm relaxes, pressure in the lungs decreases, which becomes lower than the atmospheric pressure, causing air to be pulled in, hence causing inhalation

• When the diaphragm contracts, pressure in the lungs increases, which becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure, causing air to be pushed out, hence causing exhalation

• When the diaphragm relaxes, pressure in the lungs increases, which becomes higher than the atmospheric pressure, causing air to be pushed out, hence causing inhalation

Which gas law explains the mechanism of breathing, where changes in lung volume create the pressure differences needed for air to flow in and out of the lungs?

Which of the following best describes the principle of Boyle's Law as it applies to breathing?

• Volume is inversely proportional to pressure, so as chest volume decreases, lung pressure decreases.

• Pressure and volume are unrelated in the context of pulmonary mechanics.

• Volume is directly proportional to pressure, so as chest volume increases, lung pressure increases.

• Volume is inversely proportional to pressure, so as chest volume increases, lung pressure decreases.