Quick 10Q: Fermentation

Which of the following steps precedes fermentation?

• Electron Transport Chain

• Chemiosmosis

• Krebs Cycle

• Glycolysis

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Fermentation does not require oxygen.

• True

• False

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NGSS.HS-LS1-7

How many molecules of ATP are synthesized during fermentation?

• 0

• 2

• 4

• 32

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Which of the following describes the function of fermentation?

• to regenerate NADP⁺ needed for photosynthesis

• to regenerate NAD⁺ needed for cellular respiration

• to synthesize ATP in the absence of oxygen

• to synthesize ATP in the presence of oxygen

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Where does fermentation take place in the cell?

• cytosol

• mitochondria

• chloroplast

• endoplasmic reticulum

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If the transport protein to aid pyruvate to enter the mitochondria is nonfunctional, which of the following would you expect to be found in high concentrations in the cytosol?

• large amounts of ATP

• lactic acid

• glucose

• vesicles

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Which of the following are waste products from fermentation?

• alcohol and lactic acid

• alcohol and pyruvate

• ATP and lactic acid

• ATP and pyruvate

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Which of the following explains why bread rises?

• Microorganisms in the dough are performing fermentation and releasing alcohol which reacts with the baking soda to rise

• Microorganisms in the dough are performing cellular respiration and releasing carbon dioxide (air bubbles in the dough)

• Microorganisms in the dough are performing fermentation and releasing carbon dioxide (air bubbles in the dough)

• Microorganisms in the dough are performing cellular respiration and releasing alcohol which reacts with the baking soda to rise

Which of the following is the starting material for fermentation?

• Glucose

• Pyruvate

• Acetyl CoA

• G3P

Many species of bacteria grow in the mouths of animals and can form biofilms on teeth (plaque). Within plaque, the outer layers contain high levels of oxygen and the layers closest to the tooth contain low levels of oxygen. The surface of the tooth is covered in a hard layer of enamel, which can be dissolved under acidic conditions. When the enamel breaks down, the bacteria in plaque can extract nutrients from the tooth and cause cavities. Certain types of bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus mutans) thrive in the innermost anaerobic layers of the plaque and are associated with cavities. Other types of bacteria (Streptococcus sanguinis) compete with S. mutans but are unable to thrive in acidic environments. Which of the following Identifies the biochemical pathway S. mutans uses for metabolizing sugar and describes how the pathway contributes to the low pH in the inner layers of plaque?

• fermentation which releases hydrochloric acid decreasing the pH

• fermentation which releases lactic acid decreasing the pH

• glycolysis which releases lactic acid decreasing the pH

• glycolysis which releases hydrochloric acid decreasing the pH

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