EOC Review - DNA/RNA/Protein Synthesis

Which of the following correctly shows a difference between DNA and RNA?

• DNA has ribose sugar, RNA has deoxyribose

• DNA contains the base uracil, RNA has the base thymine

• DNA is double stranded, RNA is single stranded

• DNA can leave the nucleus, RNA cannot leave the nucleus.

A kid who sits next to you in Biology class has a cousin who needs a kidney transplant. He tells you he is a match but does not want to undergo the surgery and lose his own kidney. Which of the processes below could be a potential solution for your classmate in the future?

• Organ Cloning.

• DNA Fingerprinting.

• Polymerase Chain Reaction.

• Genetically Modified Organisms.

For what purpose do cells undergo DNA replication?

• To make additional copies of enzymes.

• To make exact copies of DNA for all new cells.

• To make high energy molecules in the form of ATP.

• To make a copy of the DNA to be transported to the ribosomes.

Which of the following RNA molecules is a copy of a sequence on DNA that has the recipe for one protein?

• Cytoplasmic RNA

• Messenger RNA

• Ribosomal RNA

• Transfer RNA

How would translation be affected if transcription did not occur?

• Translation would slow down but continue.

• Translation would stop if no mRNA was formed.

• Translation would not be affected because they are two different processes.

• Translation would speed up because it would not have to wait for products from transcription.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

A mRNA is 336 nucleotides long in its coding section. What is the maximum number of amino acids in the protein translated from this mRNA?

• 112

• 336

• 672

• 1008

How does crossing over, which happens in meiosis, affect genetic variation?

• It increases genetic variation by making more gametes.

• It increases genetic variation by creating new genetic combinations.

• It decreases genetic variation by creating genetically identical gametes.

• It decreases genetic variation by creating gametes that are not viable (able to function).

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

How does a substitution impact a gene differently than an insertion?

• Substitutions often change back but insertions do not

• Substitutions cause frameshift mutations but insertions do not.

• Substitutions change one chromosome for another but insertions just add more genes.

• Substitutions only affect one amino acid but insertions can affect every amino acid from that point.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Four stages in the production of protein molecules in the cell are listed below.

​A. Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acids to ribosomes.

B. DNA molecules serve as templates for messenger RNA molecules.

C. Messenger RNA molecules move to ribosomes.

D. Polypeptides are formed on ribosomes.

Which sequence best represents the correct order of these stages?

• A-B-C-D

• B-C-A-D

• C-B-A-D

• D-B-C-A

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

How many codons are present in the diagram above?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4