HMH Science Dimensions

A builder uses a handheld infrared camera to scan the walls inside a home. The colorized image shows the temperature of the different parts of the home. Which of the following best explains why this technology is useful?

• The camera allows for the use of alternative energy sources in the home.

• The camera provides energy to the home through the use of infrared technology.

• The camera shows places in the home that need more insulation for energy conservation.

• The camera provides the homeowner with a floor plan of the home, which can be used to create a blueprint of the home.

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Scientists take water samples from coastal waters to determine nitrogen levels in the water. Nitrogen levels in water are affected by acid rain. Increased nitrogen levels can have harmful effects on shellfish populations. Why is it important for scientists to study system interactions related to nitrogen levels in ocean water?

• The study of system interactions allows scientists to eliminate excess nitrogen from coastal waters.

• The study stops additional pollution and completely corrects the issue with the shellfish population.

• The study of system interactions related to water nitrogen levels provides information about air quality and about ocean food webs.

• The study of system interactions allows scientists to determine the causes of increased acid rain and prevent acid rain from harming the oceans.

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A group of scientists is developing a small, working model of a solar-powered heating and cooling system. What is the purpose of building this model?

• to make sure the model can fit into small spaces

• to produce a working prototype for customers to use

• to test how changes in one part of the system affect other parts

• to ensure that all of the originally planned features remain the same

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A company creates a design for an egg carton that must be biodegradable and must prevent eggs from breaking during shipping. The design is then tested many times. Which statement explains why this testing process is necessary?

• Testing helps the company improve the overall design of the product.

• Testing helps ensure a high-quality product, even if it does not meet the constraints.

• Testing helps identify an acceptable number of eggs that customers should expect to be broken

• Testing proves that the appearance of the design is more important than meeting the constraints.

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Which of the steps listed is the first step in the engineering design process?

• Build and test a prototype.

• Identify the problem or need.

• Communicate the results of the process via the online journal.

• Determine the constraints and criteria of the problem.

Talia is building a solar car for an upcoming race. Her design uses solar panels that absorb energy from the sun to charge a battery. The battery is connected to a motor that turns the wheels of the car. Her current design is shown in the diagram. How would removing the energy source affect the system?

• Less sunlight would cause the system to use another type of energy.

• Less sunlight would reduce the amount of energy the system could store.

• Less sunlight would cause the system to increase the amount of energy stored.

• Less sunlight would help keep the system cooler so that it could run more efficiently.

Indicate whether the statement describes an example of science influencing technology or of technology influencing science.

The discovery of x-rays led to the creation of the x-ray telescope.

• Science influencing technology

• Technology influencing science

Indicate whether the statement describes an example of science influencing technology or of technology influencing science.

The creation of the x-ray telescope led to increased knowledge of supernovas.

• Science influencing technology

• Technology influencing science

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Indicate whether the statement describes an example of science influencing technology or of technology influencing science.

The use of x-ray crystallography led to the discovery of the structure of DNA.

• Science influencing technology

• Technology influencing science

Indicate whether the statement describes an example of science influencing technology or of technology influencing science.

Knowledge of DNA led to the use of DNA fingerprinting tools used in forensic science.

• Science influencing technology

• Technology influencing science