Geology Review

Which of these processes are driven by energy from Earth’s interior? Select three.

• Volcanic erutions

• Weathering

• Earthquakes

• Mountain Range Formation

• Erosion

How does energy drive plate tectonics?

• Energy from Earth’s interior heats liquid magma, causing convection currents that move plates in Earth’s crust

• Energy from the sun heats water on Earth’s surface, causing ocean currents that move plates in Earth’s crust

• Energy from the sun heats liquid magma, causing convection currents that move plates in Earth’s crust

• Energy from Earth’s interior heats water on Earth’s surface, causing ocean currents that move plates in Earth’s crust

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which statement BEST describes how convection currents drive processes in the Earth?

• Convection currents deep in the Earth occur when molten rock flows underneath Earth's crust like a river. This causes changes in rocks at the surface and the movement of Earth's crust

• Convection currents on the surface of the Earth occur when pieces of the Earth's crust to move to new locations. This causes changes in rocks at the surface and the movement of Earth's crust

• Convection currents deep in the Earth occur when molten rock rises to the surface, cools, and sinks back down. This causes changes in rocks at the surface and the movement of Earth's crust

• Convection currents on the surface of the Earth occur when the atmosphere moves pieces of the Earth's crust over time. This causes changes in rocks at the surface and the movement of Earth's crust

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

Which of the following processes cause rocks to change from one type of rock to another?

• Pressure from rock layers above and heat from the inside of the earth

• Melting from the heat inside Earth

• Movement of tectonic plates

• Weathering and erosion

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Which transformations in the rock cycle require heat? Select three

• Metamorphic rock to igneous rock

• Sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock

• Igneous rock to sedimentary rock

• Metamorphic rock to sedimentary rock

• Igneous rock to metamorphic rock

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-PS1-4

How is sedimentary rock formed?

• Rock is heated and forms crystals.

• Rocks are weathered and eroded

• Organic material is compressed and layers of particles are cemented together

• Magma cools and forms crystals

In the rock cycle, weathering and erosion begin the process of the formation of________. 

• crystals

• sediments

• magma

• minerals

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

The theory of continental drift states that the land masses called continents were once closer together and have drifted apart over time. What is the strongest evidence to support this theory?

• the migration patterns of birds

• the periodic climate changes of Earth

• the large variety of animals on each continent

• the similarity of fossils on different continents

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

The San Andreas Fault is a very active fault line that stretches across the central west coast of North America. It was the cause of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake that killed thousands of people and left many of the city’s residents homeless. The fault and subsequent earthquake was caused by a transform boundary between the plates in the area. How does a transform boundary cause an earthquake?

• The plates move away from one another, causing the plates to shift which create an earthquake

• The plates slide horizontally past one another, increasing stress where the plates touch; once the stress is strong enough, the plates can suddenly lurch and cause an earthquake.

• One plate slides underneath the other, causing it to rise up slightly; this action is what creates the earthquake

• The two plates slam into one another; if their momentum is great enough the collisions have enough energy to start an earthquake.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS3-2

What causes the seafloor to spread apart at mid-ocean ridges?

• The strength of the Earth’s magnetic field is so strong it affects the iron filled rocks at mid-ocean ridges, pushing them apart causing the movement in the sea floor

• Hot magma rises through the boundaries at the mid-ocean ridges, creating new rock as it cools and pushing the plates apart

• At mid-ocean range boundaries, the waves in the ocean move in opposite directions and pull the plates away from one another.

• The Earth is growing in size (although we don’t know why) and the mid-ocean ridges are where the crust has cracked open to allow the Earth to grow bigger.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1