Mechanisms of Evolution Examples

A type of genetic drift in which small groups of organisms separate from a larger population and form new small colonies.

• Gene Flow

• Founder Effect

• Natural Selection

• Artificial Selection

The exchange of genes between two populations.

• Genetic Drift

• Founder Effect

• Gene Flow

• Genetic Recombination

This term refers to the total genetic information found in a population; the complete collection of all the alleles found in a population

• Gene library

• Genome

• Gene pool

• Allele pool

This is one of the mechanisms of evolution; it occurs when individuals move into or out of a population, either by physically arriving or leaving, or by being born or dying

• Gene flow / genetic drift

• Founder effect

• Natural selection

• Microevolution

This is one of the mechanisms of evolution; it is a continuous process in which organisms with traits that make them better-adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than organisms without such adaptations

• Directional selection

• Microevolution

• Gene flow / genetic drift

• Natural selection

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This is a pattern of natural selection where one extreme form of a trait is more advantageous than the average or the opposite extreme; as a result, this trait in the population tends to evolve towards that one extreme

• Directional selection

• Disruptive selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Forward selection

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This is the pattern of natural selection where BOTH of the extreme versions of a trait are more advantageous than the average, so a population evolves in both directions away from the average

• Directional Selection

• Disruptive Selection

• Stabilizing Selection

• Radical Selection

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This occurs when a large population is drastically reduced by an event such as a natural disaster; the population's new gene pool only contains alleles from the survivors

• Founder effect

• Bottleneck effect

• Meteor effect

• Natural selection

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This is the process that ultimately creates new variations and changes in DNA; leads to the creation of new alleles

• Mutation

• Microevolution

• Natural selection

• Gene flow / genetic drift

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This is a pattern of natural selection in which the average (or intermediate) form of a trait is the most advantageous, and so a population evolves away from the extremes and toward the average

• Disruptive selection

• Directional selection

• Stabilizing selection

• Middle selection

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