AP Biology - Unit 2 Review

What is the major function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

• Synthesize and isolate proteins for use in the cell

• Synthesize and isolate lipids

• Catabolize nutrients and produce ATP

• Synthesize all ribosomal proteins

Prokaryotes are classified as belonging to two different domains. What are they?

• Bacteria & Protista
• Bacteria & Archaea
• Bacteria & Eukarya
• Archaea & Protista

Plant cells have ___ for cell to cell communication.

• gap junctions
• plasmodesmata
• desmosomes
• tight junctions

Which of the following is major cause of the size limits for certain types of cells?

• evolutionary progression in cell size; more primitive cells have smaller sizes.
• the need for sufficient surface area to support the cell's metabolic needs.
• limitation on the strength and integrity of the plasma membrane as cell size increases
• the difference in plasma membranes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules?

• glycogen
• cellulose
• proteins
• lipids

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Which statement is correct about diffusion?

• It's very rapid over long distances.
• It's a passive process which molecules move from a region of higher to lower concentration.
• It requires an energy expenditure by the cell.
• It's an active process where molecules move from a region of lower to higher concentration.

Endoplasmic Reticulum:/ER

• The smallest organelle with a huge job / Makes proteins, which are the building blocks of the body.
  
• A folded membrane that moves materials around inside cells / Also acts as the site of manufacturing materials needed by the cell.
  
• A small sack that stores water and food until the cell needs it /  Stores waste temporarily until the cell  gets rid of it.
  
• The protective outer layer that controls what enters and leaves the cell.
  

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Lysosome:

• The smallest organelle with a huge job / Makes proteins, which are the building blocks of the body.
  
• Small sacks with pores / Contains digestive enzymes that get rid of waste, worn-out cell parts, and captured invaders.
  
• Bean-shaped organelle filled with folded membranes / Breaks down glucose to release energy for cell functions
  
• Stacks of pancake-like membranes that package materials to ship out of the cell.
  

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Prokaryotic cell

• a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteria
• a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
• the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.
•  part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

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Eukaryotic Cell

• a cell containing a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
• a cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles; includes achaea and bacteria
• the idea that the mitochonria and chloroplasts were once free living and were engulfed by other prokaryotic cells.
• a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction

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