Chapter 5 How Ecosystems Work Review

A lichen is a combination of fungus and algae that lives on the sides of trees, rocks, and other materials. The fungus provides the algae with water and minerals and the algae uses the water and minerals to make food for both organisms. What type of relationship does the lichen represent?

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

Which of the following diagrams correctly represents an energy pyramid in a living system?

• A

• B

• C

• D

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In which energy pyramid has the student correctly arranged the organisms?

• 
• 
• 
• 

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Using the illustrations, which of the following events would speed up the process of ecological succession in the pond?

• rise in temperatures

• a volcanic eruption

• a large flood

• use of fertilizers

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Which of the following is correctly arranged from the lowest trophic level to the highest trophic level?

• Bacteria, frog, eagle, hawk

• Algae, deer, wolf, hawk

• Grass, mouse, snake, eagle

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NGSS.MS-LS2-3

The diagram shows a general representation of an energy pyramid for a living system. As energy flows through the pyramid,

• 10% of available energy is passed to each increasing trophic level

• 25% of energy is gained at each increasing trophic level

• energy remains the same at each trophic level

• energy increases at each trophic level

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Which of the following is correct about organisms in this rain forest food web?

• Jaguars are secondary consumers that receive their energy from primary producers.

• Toucans are tertiary consumers that receive their energy from primary consumers.

• Orchids are producers that receive their energy from secondary consumers.

• Butterflies are primary consumers that receive their energy from producers.

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Egrets walk behind a herd of cattle. As the cattle trample the soil, insects are uncovered and the egrets eat the insects. This is an example of

• parasitism

• commensalism

• mutualism

After a fire in a Florida pine forest, new growth occurs. Which process allows this to happen?

• succession

• competition

• predation

• symbiosis

After a town is abandoned, the concrete parking lots remain empty and inactive for hundreds of years. What is the most likely order of ecological succession in that area?

• lichens → grass → trees → shrubs

• lichens → grass → shrubs → trees

• shrubs → grass → trees → lichens

• grass → trees → lichens → moss

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NGSS.MS-LS2-2

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