From DNA to Protein Storyboard

The genetic code of a cell is carried in ​DNA, which is located in the​ (a)   of the cell. The DNA molecule has four nitrogenous bases, A (​ (b)   ), T (​ (c)   ), G (​​ (d)   ) and C (​ (e)   ). These bases pair along the inside of the "double " of the DNA molecule.

• nucleus
• adenine
• thymine
• guanine
• cytosine
• cytoplasm
• chloroplast

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The base Adenine always pairs with ​ (a)   , and Guanine always pairs with ​ (b)   . There are about three ​ (c)   of these base pairs in the human genome, coding for an estimated 40,000 genes. The outside backbone of the double-stranded molecule is made up of deoxyribose ​ (d)   molecules and charged ​ (e)   groups.

• Thymine
• Cytosine
• billion
• phosphate
• sugar
• Adenine
• Guanine
• dozen
• lipid
• protein

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

DNA is copied by a process known as ​ (a)   . The process is semi-​ (b)   , which means that in each new DNA molecule, there will be one old strand and one ​ (c)   strand.

• replication
• conservative
• new
• old
• deleting
• protein synthesis
• photosynthesis

Since protein production takes place in the ​ (a)   , which are located in the cytoplasm, the genetic code must be exported there before protein can be produced. This is done in the form of ​ (b)   RNA, also called mRNA. mRNA is made from the DNA template by a process called ​ (c)   .

• ribosomes
• messenger
• transcription
• transfer
• replication
• mitochondria
• nucleus

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

There are several differences between RNA and DNA.

*RNA is ​ (a)   -stranded

*RNA contains the sugar ​ (b)   (instead of deoxyribose in DNA)

*RNA contains the base U (​ (c)   ) instead of the base Thymine

• ribose
• single
• uracil
• double
• deoxyribose
• glucose
• thymine
• adenine
• triple

mRNA undergoes some processing and then leaves the ​ (a)   . In the ribosomes the process of making ​ (b)   from mRNA, called ​ (c)   , takes place.

• nucleus
• proteins
• translation
• cytoplasm
• ribosome
• sugars
• transcription

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

The ribosomes read ​​ (a)   bases of mRNA at a time. The three-base sequences are called ​ (b)   , and each "translates" to a particular amino acid. Molecules of transfer RNA (​ (c)   ), bring ​ (d)   that build the protein chain.

• three
• codons
• tRNA
• amino acids
• mRNA
• two
• one
• triplets
• sugars

The process begins with a "​ (a)   " codon (AUG) which puts the amino acid ​ (b)   in place, and continues until the ribosome reaches a "​ (c)   " codon, at which point the process terminates. The completed protein is released into the ​ (d)   (ER) or the cytoplasm.

• start
• stop
• endoplasmic reticulum
• methionine (Met)
• cysteine
• serine
• golgi bodies
• encircling ring

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1