Periodic Properties and Trends

Sodium (Na) and potassium (K) are in the same group on the periodic table. Based on their locations, which statement about sodium and potassium is true?

• Sodium is less electronegative than potassium. 
• Sodium has fewer energy levels than potassium. 
• Sodium has a larger ionic radius than potassium. 
• Sodium has lower ionization energy than potassium. 

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Which of these elements has the greatest atomic radius? 

• H
• N
• Cl
• Cs

The Periodic Table of the Elements is useful for revealing patterns and trends in the elements. Which statement accurately describes a pattern in the size of atomic radii in the Periodic Table of the Elements?

• Atomic radii decrease from left to right across a period and decrease from top to bottom in a group.
• Atomic radii increase from left to right across a period and increase from top to bottom in a group.
• Atomic radii decrease from left to right across a period and increase from top to bottom in a group.
• Atomic radii increase from left to right across a period and decrease from top to bottom in a group.

The symbols W, X, Y, and Z represent four elements shown on the outline of a periodic table.
Which element has the highest electronegativity?

• W
• X
• Y
• Z

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Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine all have the same number of valence electrons and have a tendency to gain electrons. Which element has the greatest ionization energy and electronegativity?

• fluorine
• chlorine 
• bromine 
• iodine 

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The ionization potential of an element is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule. According to the periodic table, which of the following indicates the correct decreasing order of ionization energy?

• Li > Na > K > Cs
• Na > K > Li > Cs
• Li > K > Na > Cs 
• Cs > K > Na > Li 

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All elements found on the left side of the Periodic Table of the Elements have what properties in common?

• They conduct heat and electricity 
• They are all gases 
• They are brittle and dull
• They are radioactive

Which of these elements has an electron structure most similar to that of element X?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

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Based on their locations in the periodic table, which element has chemical properties most similar to those of calcium, Ca?

• beryllium, Be
• potassium, K
• titanium, Ti
• yttrium, Y

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The number of valence electrons in an element affects the reactivity of that element. Which element listed has the fewest valence electrons?

• beryllium (Be)
• sodium (Na) 
• oxygen (O) 
• neon (Ne)

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